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1、初中英语知识点巩固及提高初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外,在
2、学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。一. 冠词:冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an ”之分。定冠词表示“确指” ,译作“这(那)个” ;不定冠词表示“泛指” ,译作“一个” 。例题解析:( ) _ lady over there is _ university teacher.A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the“over there”意为“那边的” ,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady ”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the” 。后半句意为“一位大学教师” ,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”
3、或“an ”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j” ,因此要加定冠词“a” 。所以本题答案应该选“C” 。( ) He prefers playing _ piano to playing _ hockey.A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the“piano”意为“钢琴” ,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the” 。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球 ”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B ”。( ) Mr. Black was made _ manager of our company.A) / B) a C) a
4、n D) the “manager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法:1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the Great Wall(长城)2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the ”,如:the Dongting Lake4. 一般用 “单数名词加a ;复数名词不加the ”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填
5、入空格内):( ) 1. There is _ “u” in _ word “uniform.”.A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the( ) 2. _ sign here stands for _ mistake.A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the( ) 3. We made Joyce _ monitor _ her experience.A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of( ) 4.Two months ago
6、 Mr. Green wrote _ article on Shanghai International Art Festival.A) the B) an C) a D) / ( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _ teacher is from Australia.A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A( ) 6. Paul is _ European student. He likes to study _ history of China.A) a, the B) a,
7、 / C) an, the D) an, /( ) 7. This is _ honey. As we all know, _ honey is sweet. A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the( ) 8. They didnt catch the last train because of _.A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy trafficC) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic( ) 9. It wont take long, its only _ walk.A) ten-
8、minutes B) ten minutes C) ten minutes D) ten-minutes答案:二.名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。例题解析:( ) His grandfather is _.A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是
9、名,即“first name”,后为姓,即“second name”,也可叫做“family name”或“surname” 。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷” ,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B” 。( ) _ are playing tennis in the playground.A) The Browns B) The Browns C) Browns D) Browns英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the” ,后面加“s” ,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A” 。( ) Be careful. There i
10、s a _ hole in the ground.A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中, “一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A” 。( ) Hes got bad toothache. Hed better go to _.A) dentist B) the
11、dentist C) the dentists D) see the dentists“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentists”。后一个词语中的“the dentists”表示“the dentists clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。( ) The _ teachers wondered if the _ students were in trouble.A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys英语中, “女教师们”应该译为“women te
12、achers”,而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students” 。 所以本题答案应该选“C” 。( ) _ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words“据说”在英语中有多种说法:“It was said that”、 “Word came that”、“News came that”、 “A message came that”等。所以本题答案应该选“C” 。( ) All of a sudden, something o
13、n the ground caught _.A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own“catch ones eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意 ”;即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中, “eye”是“ 视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:“countryside”“country” 、 “mankind”“man ”、 “campsite”“camp” 、“in the daytime”“in the day”等。所以本题答
14、案应该选 “A”。( ) The lady with long _ found her husband had already got three gray _.A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair” (头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发” ,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发” ,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B” 。习题训练:Choose the best answer (选择
15、最恰当的答案,用 A、B、C 或 D 表示,填入空格内):( ) 1. He has got _ to tell you.A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news( ) 2. Its seven oclock. _ are sitting at table.A) Mr. Greens B) The Greens C) The Greens D) Greens( ) 3. Your brother is the same _ mine.A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us _.A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste( ) 5. A lemon is the same _ as a banana.A) ye