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1、图表作文写作指南图表作文写作指南表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。表格常由标题(Title) 、表头(Boxhead ) (表格的第一行) 、侧目(Stub )(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。图作文图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。(1) 圆形图作文圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分空间大小差别容易分辨,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量,楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表,两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。例如:This is
2、a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. as can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are
3、 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。一般来说,曲线所呈现的形状比某一
4、点所代表的变量的值更有意义。曲线图有横轴和纵轴。一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。例如:这个曲线图的横轴代表 1990 年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39) ,此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点(16) 。可见,1990 年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。(3) 条形图作文条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区分。条形图主要
5、用来表示:1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。例如:左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy) ,这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant mortality) ,这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。左边的条形图表明 1990 年的人均期望寿命比 1960 年的人均期望寿命长 20 岁,而 199
6、0 年的婴儿死亡率比 1960 年的婴儿死亡率下降了 50%。图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。这一结构可以简单地表述为:第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想第二段:分析产生的原因第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法) according to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/co
7、nclude that 根据该表 /图,我们可知 The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that 该表/图表明 as we can see from the table as can be seen from the line/bar graph as is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart 如表/图所示,(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型 compared with is still increased by The nu
8、mber of grew/rose from to an increase is shown in ; then came a sharp increase of In the number remains the same/drops to There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990. There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/
9、compared with that of last year).as is shown in the graph 如图所示The graph shows that 图表显示as can be seen from the table, 从表格中可以看出 From the chart, we know that 从这张表中 ,我们可知all these data clearly prove the fact that所有这些数据明显证明这一事实,即The increase of . in the city has reached to 20%.这个城市的.增长已达到 20%.In 1985, t
10、he number remained the same.1985 年,这个数字保持不变.There was a gradual decline in 1989.1989 年,出现了逐渐下降的情况.1.有用的词上升:increase 、rise、 ascend 、core 、 surge 、go up 、climb 、mount、 level up下降: decrease、 fall 、drop、 descend、 decline 、reduce 、lessen、 level down 平稳:stable 、steady、 remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/
11、similar to波动:fluctuate、 fluctuation、 rise and falls、 up and down占:occupy、 take up、 account for、 gain而:while、 however、r whereas、 on the other hand、 actually/in fact相比:by contract、 on the contrary、 likewise、 compared with最高点:the highest 、 the top、 the summit 、the peak、 the most最低点:bottom 、less 、least
12、、rock bottom平均:mean、 average趋势:tendency 、trend、 inclination预见:prediction达到顶峰: mount to在*中占*:*gain the percentage of有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen1.表示原因(在描述过图表的数据后,需要对数据的表现做一下分析,可以用以下句型)1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)T
13、he reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.6)we have good reason to believe that.例如:There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,peoples living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford wha
14、t they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.2.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.例如:Books are like friends.They ca n help us know the world b
15、etter,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.3.表示坏处1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.2)It does us much harm.3)It is harmful to us.例如:however,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to
16、 our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.2)we think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.例如:computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found