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1、1定语从句关键点和疑难点定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分关系代词和关系副词两类，它们要在定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有 when, where, why。【关键点】 在定语从句中永远都缺少一个成分，不存在不缺少成分的情况。弄清楚关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。判断到底是用关系代词还是用关系副词来引导定语从句，就要看从句中是否缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语；若是，则选择关系代词；若不是，说明从句中缺少状语，则应选择关系副词。试对比以下两道高考试题：
2、 （1）We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06 山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when（2）Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes，theres one point we must insist on （06 江西）Awhy Bwhere Chow D/析:keys: C D.第 1 题，从句中不缺少主语或宾语，where 在定语从句中作状语。句意：我们现在就是要设法达到双方坐下来和谈
3、的程度。第 2 题，定语从句中缺少宾语时，关系代词可省略。【疑难点】 一） 介词+which / whom1. 介词的选择取决于三种情况：定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配；先行词的需要；先行词和从句的语境相结合。2. 在非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“名词/数词/代词 + of + which / whom ”的结构。高考考例：二）as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别as 和 which 所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：1）在形式上 as 引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面，主句之前，也可插入主句中间；而 which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之
4、后。2）在意义上，as 定语从句和主句的关系是一致关系，常译为“正如.” ， “就象.” ；而 which 定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或 which 从句是对主句的评论，相当于“and this” or “ and that”，常译为“这，这一点” 。三）定语从句与并列句如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，首先要弄清句子结构。第二分句前如有 and，but，or ，so 等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二分句前如无 and，but，or ，so 等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，应选用关系代词。四）定语从句与其他从句的区别1. that 可以引导
5、定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句.that 在从句中作成分是定语从句；若在从句中不作成分时，则为其它从句。 2. When, where, why 既可引导定语从句, 又可引导名词性从句或状语从句。在定语从句中，when, where，why 前面有分别表示时间、地点或原因的先行词以之对应，与先行词在语义上是有关联的；而在其它从句中无此对应关系，但有时可以转化为定语从2句：whenthe time when；wherethe place where 或 in/at/to the place where；why the reason why。以 where 为例加以说明：Go and get
6、your coat. Its in the place where you left it.(定语从句，句中有先行词 the place)Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. （表语从句，where= in the place where）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句，where= the place where）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句，where= the place where）They arose the question where
7、we were to get the machines needed. (同位语从句，where与 question 没有意义上的联系 )Youd better not leave the medicine where kids can get at it. (地点状语从句，where 与 the medicine 没有意义上的联系， where=at the place where.) （08 山东）五）几个特殊表达形式： 1way 后面的定语从句（用 that/ in which 或省略） 。2activity、point、situation 、job 、business、scenes、c
8、ase 等表示抽象意义的地点名词，后常用 where 或 in which 引导定语从句； occasion 后则常用 when 或 on which 引导定语从句。六）定语从句中的“隔离”现象1. 有时为了行文的需要，定语从句和它所修饰的先行词被谓语，状语，第一后置定语等成分所分隔。解此类试题，找准先行词是关键。2. 为了增加语言的灵活性和丰富性，在定语从句中经常使用插入语，尤其是在关系词和其引导的从句之间。解题时，忽略掉插入语，题就变得简单了。【巩固练习】1.By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top
9、of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which2.For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which3.We saw several natives advancing towards our pa
10、rty, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which4.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which5.Last week, only two peo
11、ple came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom6.The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which 7.The road conditions there tur
12、ned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. it B. what C. which D. that 8.The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as9. _is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 310.I dont min
13、d her criticizing me, but is how she does it that I object to. A. it B. that C. this D. which11.His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it 12.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our cont
14、rol. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that13.You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _you might get in the future. A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that14 It has been proved _eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illne
