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1、上海交通大学硕士学位论文CM集团公司第三方采购管理策略的探讨姓名：杨洁申请学位级别：硕士专业：工商管理指导教师：骆建文20070128 CM集团公司第三方采购管理策略的探讨 摘 要 随着经济全球化的发展，为了提高竞争力，各企业纷纷将非核心职能部分外包给第三方的专业机构，以期降低成本、提高利润。因为采购成本占据销售成本的一半以上，所以如何提高采购绩效已经为越来越多的企业所关注。近年来，国外的一些企业已经成功与第三方采购公司合作，而国内的企业也在对此概念进行探讨与研究。 本文从CM公司的经营状况及特点开始研究，指出其选择第三方采购公司的必要性，并且分析了其对第三方采购公司的选择策略以及日常管理，最
2、后探讨了如何对第三方采购公司进行管理控制以降低潜在风险。全文共分六章。 第一章介绍了第三方采购的基本概念是企业将产品或服务采购外包给第三方公司，特点是主体上的第三方及行为上的采购。指出了未来采购发展趋势是采购全球化，电子化及专业化。第三方采购公司因为能满足上述发展趋势，使企业获得比原来更大的竞争优势，所以其越来越受到工商企业的青睐。 第二章介绍了CM集团公司的经营现状是拥有12个不同品牌分公司，其存在的主要问题是库存周期过长及各品牌分公司过多内部合作不流畅。指出CM集团为解决上述问题必须引入第三方采购公司，利用其专业的采购技术、强大的采购资源来降低总体采购成本及提高采购绩效，以提高CM集团公司
3、的利润及核心竞争力。 第三章研究了CM集团公司第三方采购的实施策略。首先CM集团根据采购项目的战略价值和采购费用的可控性分析，兼顾经济管理及质量管理，选择通过第三方采购的三类产品：第一类是技术含量高的电子及电器产品；第二类是价值低廉又不会重复采购的产品；第三类是品种多数量少，对库存控制要求严格的产品。然后对确定的产品类别选择合适的第三方采购公司。第三方采购公司的选择标准同普通供应商相同是合理的价格，合理的质量，合理的数量，合理的时间和合理的服务。 第四章研究了CM集团对第三方采购公司的日常管理，包括价格管理，质量管理，物流管理及综合绩效管理。 第五章分析了第三方采购公司可能带来的三种风险是CM
4、集团对产品的控能力降低，客户信息泄露风险，及合作突然中止带来的断货风险，并据此提出了相应的对策以降低采购风险。 第六章对文章进行了总结，要提升企业总体采购和供应管理水平就引入第三方采购公司来提高采购功能为企业带来价值,同时也要选择策略规避风险。 本文运用理论联系实际研究了国外CM集团如何同第三方采购公司合作，期望为国内类似企业提供借签。 关键词：第三方采购，供应商选择，采购风险控制 THE RESEARCH OF CM GROUP FOR THIRD PARTY PURCHASING STRATEGY ABSTRACT Nowadays with the development of econ
5、omy globalization more and more enterprises hire third party organizations to deal with most of their functions except the core parts in order to lower the cost and higher the profit. As the purchasing cost dedicate more than half of sales cost more and more companies focus on how to improve purchas
6、ing performance. Recently some of the foreign enterprises have been cooperated with third part purchasing organizations and some of the domestic companies begin to investigate this theory as well. This thesis studied from the operation situation of CM Corporation and pointed out the importance of in
7、troducing third party organization. It also analyses the strategy of how to choose a third party organization and how to control daily work. Finally this thesis discussed how to control the risk from third party purchasing. This thesis includes six chapters. The first chapter introduces the definiti
8、on of third party purchasing as to hire a third party organization to deal with their product or service. Its peculiarity includes two parts: first one is “third party” second is “purchasing”. It points out that the purchasing trends are globalization, e- business and specialization. The third party
9、 organizations become more and more popular as they can help enterprises to improve their competition. The second chapter introduces the operation situation of CM Corporation as a 12 brands owner of supermarket. The major problems of this company are inefficient stock management and internal obstacl
10、es between departments. It points out that CM Corporation must introduce third party purchasing companies to cooperate so that it can enhance its core competition and profit. The third chapter investigates the implement strategy of CM Corporation. At first CM Corporation analyzes the product categor
11、ies suitable for third party purchasing, which is based on the consideration of total purchasing value, control safety, finance management and quality assurance as well. The suitable product series for third party purchasing is professional electrical& electronic product and one order low value prod
12、uct and small volume but many items product. After choosing the suitable product categories, CM Corporation identifies the suitable third party purchasing organizations according to price, quality, quantity, lead time and service. The forth chapter researched the daily management from CM Corporation
13、 including cost management, quality management, logistic management and integrating performance management. The fifth chapter aimed at potential risks caused by third party purchasing company. They are lack of product control, leakage of confidential information and no stock due to cooperation break
14、. It also describes the countermeasure to cover the risk. The sixth chapter is the summary of this thesis. In order to improve the competition, the CM Corporation should introduce third party purchasing organization, however it must find solution to avoid or to minimize the potential risk. This thes
15、is analyzes how CM Corporation to corporate with third party organization and hope it can be the reference for domestic similar corporations KEY WORDS: Third party purchasing, Supplier identification, Purchasing risk management 前言 随着经济全球一体化，社会竞争日益激烈，为提升企业竞争力，优化供应链管理成为降低成本,提高效率的重要手段。采购作为一项超过企业营收一半以上的
16、成本支出活动，对其实施有效的管理和成本控制职能是至关重要的。采购外包正在成为供应链管理未来发展的一个重要方向。采购服务供应商或称第三方采购为许多企业提供了采购的规模经济性，产品和服务的专业知识，以及相关的基础设施。采购和分析技术的进步为供应链全程提供了更好的可见性和可控性，为企业有效的管理采购外包关系提供了技术手段。 虽然到目前为止对采购职能的重视还不够大,但是在激烈的市场竞争环境中，几乎所有的企业都会感到巨大的控制成本和追求效益最大化的压力。因为企业销售收入的一半要花在外购物料和服务上，所以，毫无疑问，采购优化是实现这些目标的主要杠杆之一。众所周知，采购成本的下降和物流成本的下降一样，对企业净利润的贡献是1比1的对应关系。因此，由采购流程来控制的供应管理关系，作为企业供应链管理的重要环节，在某种程度上就决定了企业总成本结构和对客户需求变化的响应能力。然而，大多数企业在供应商选择、采购执行和供应管理过程中，很少采用采购外包的服务。因此，在许多公司，采购变成了一项运行效能低下的资产。 最近几年，许多企业开始
