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1、高考总复习： 主谓一致考点透析与精炼审稿：张敏 责编：陈玉莲考试要求：主谓一致,顾名思义,就是指英语句子中的谓语动词在数、性、人称、时态等方面要和主语保持一致,这与汉语思维方式有所不同,容易被考生所忽视。高考试题在单项填空和短文改错中经常对此进行考查。知识讲解：主语和谓语动词在人称上的一致当句子的主语是第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时，除 be 动词在形式上有相应的人称变化(am，are ，was，were)以外，其他动词在形式上均没有数的变化I am free on Thursday 我星期四有空。They are good students 他们是好学生。We often see her
2、 on the TV screen 我们经常在电视上看到她。We think it important to complete the project on time 我们认为按时完成这项工程是很重要的。当句子的主语是第三人称单数，除动词 be 和 have 的形式有变化(is, has)以外，其他动词在一般现在时态中均用第三人称单数形式She is my daughter 她是我女儿。Its very kind of you 你真好。He has five dollars in his pocket 他口袋里有五美元。She often makes mistakes in her compo
3、sition 她经常在作文中出错。Science requires precision while art needs imagination 科学要求精确度而艺术则需要想象力。值得注意的是，情态动词除了 be able to 以外都无人称的变化。My daughter may watch television after supper 我女儿晚饭后可以看电视。We may watch television after supper 我们晚饭后可以看电视。主语和谓语动词在数上的一致谓语动词用单数形式1. 若主语是单数名词、代词、不定式及其短语、 -ing 形式及其短语或从句时，谓语动词一般用单
4、数形式。The chief industry in the Middle East is the oil industry 中东地区的主要工业是石油工业。The news from the various districts is sent to a central office 各地来的消息都送至总办公室。That sounds a good idea 那听起来是个好主意。Understanding the culture habits of another nation is a complex task 了解另一个国家的文化习俗是一项复杂的任务。Nodding the head mean
5、s agreement，while shaking it means disagreement 点头意味着同意，摇头意味着不同意。To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country 举办奥运会对一个国家来说是一笔丰富的奖赏。To learn English by recitation is a useful way 通过背诵学习英语是一种有效的学习方法。How you got there doesnt interest me 你是如何到那里的我不感兴趣。Who let out the secret is still unknown t
6、o us 我们依然不知道是谁泄露了秘密。What he said is not true 他说的话不是真的。但是，在 what 或 whatever 引导的主语从句中，主句的谓语动词的单复数形式有时还要按句子的具体意思而定。What the children need are love and understanding 孩子们需要的是爱和理解。What the laser is is clear to us now 激光是什么，现在我们清楚了。Whatever book he praises sells well 他表扬过的任何书都很好销。2. 当主语是表示时间、距离、重量、货币等的复数名词
7、时，这些名词指代的事物往往被看作是一个整体，因此谓语动词常用单数形式。Seven feet is an abnormal height for a person 七英尺对人来说是一个异常的高度。Twenty miles is a long way to walk 走 20 英里可是很长的一段路。Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations 给了三个星期来作必要的准备。Fifty kilograms is not too heavy to carry 50 公斤不至于重到扛不起来。Thirty pounds is a
8、high price 30 英镑价格太高了。当然，也可以根据语法一致原则，把这些复数名词看成一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。The past four weeks have been the driest in the countrys history 过去四周是这个国家最干旱的时期。Twenty miles were covered in half an hour 半小时走完了 20 英里。Twenty-five years have passed since we parted 我们分别已 25 年了。3. 如果主语是单数，其后跟有 with，together with，as well
9、as，no less than，but，except，like 等引起的短语，谓语动词用单数。An iron and steel works，with several satellite factories，is being built in the city这座城市正在修建一座钢铁厂和几家卫星工厂。An expert，together with some assistants ，was sent there to help in the work 专家带着几个助手，被派到那里协助工作。I as well as you am a lawyer 不仅你是一位律师，我也是位律师。No one bu
10、t myself knows what really happened 除了我，没有人知道发生了什么事。Everybody except you looks down upon me 除了你，大家都看不起我。4. 当主语是 each，either ，neither 或是由 some，any，no，every 等构成的复合代词(如 someone， anybody，nothing，everything 等)时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everything goes well with me 我一切都好。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart 世上无难事，只怕
11、有心人。Anything is better than nothing 有总比没有好。Is there anybody in the classroom? 教室里有人吗?Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in 超过 16 岁的人允许进去。Each of the graduates was presented with a certificate 每个毕业生都拿到了毕业证书。Each of the clerks has a desk of his own 每个办事员都有自己的桌子。If either of you cares to call，I shal
12、l be in this evening 你俩谁要想来看我，今晚我在家。Neither of us has gone through regular training 我们两人谁都没受过正规训练。注意：none 作复数看待时较多，但也有时作单数看待，主要看说话人联想到的是复数还是单数概念。None of the questions are easy enough for us. 这些问题对我们来说没有一个是容易的。None of us has got a dictionary. 我们中间没有一个人有词典。I have ordered the cement, but none (of if) h
13、as yet arrived. 我已订购了水泥，但还没有运到。5. 当主语是由 and 连接的两个名词但表示同一人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl and winner is jumping with joy 那位获胜的女孩正高兴地跳着。The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting 该校的书记兼校长出席了会议。The politician and the writer give us speeches 那位政治家和那位作家给我们作了演讲。前两句指的是同一个人，而最后一句则指两人，所以谓语动词
14、分别用相应的单复数形式。Ham and eggs makes a good breakfast 火腿加鸡蛋就成了一顿很好的早餐。Bread and butter is a daily food in the west 抹黄油的面包是西方人每天的食品。6. 英语中有些名词虽以-s 结尾，实际上却并不表示复数概念，如 mathematics(数学) ，measles(麻疹)，physics( 物理) ，politics(政治)，news(消息，新闻)等。当这些名词作主语时，应注意谓语动词须用单数形式。Physics was the only course she failed in 物理是她没考及
15、格的唯一一门课程。Electronics is the basis of all telecommunications systems 电子学是电讯系统的基础。Phonetics deals with speech sounds 语音学是研究语言声音的。谓语动词用复数形式1. 若主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。The contents of this book are most fascinating 这本书的目录极其吸引人。His congratulations are always to the point 他的祝贺词总是恰到好处。They speak Japanese as
16、well as I do 他们日语说得和我一样好。2. 当主语是由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的人或物时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death 被污染的江河与湖泊也是造成死亡的一个原因。Skill and confidence are an unconquered army 技能和信心是无畏的军队。Jane ，Mary and Helen are cousins 简、玛丽和海伦是表姐妹。A hammer and a saw are useful tools 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。A poet and an artist are coming to speak to us about li
