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1、1美国政治经济与外交复习资料选择题、填空题部分Chapter 1 The Establishment of American Politics1.Until the 1500s, most of what is now the United States was thinly populated forests and prairies. 2.The ancestors of the Hawaiians were Polynesians who sailed to what is now Hawaii from other Pacific islands about 2,000 years a
2、go.3.Some Spaniards settled in what is now the United States during the 1500s. European settlement increased sharply during the 1600s. 4.The history of the United States political system fashioned out of the wilderness within the past 400 years is packed with incident because America has had in that
3、 period to pass through those stages of political development that elsewhere have taken 1,000 or 2,000 years5.The first known inhabitants of modern-day United States territory are believed to have arrived over a period of several thousand years beginning sometime prior to 15,000 years ago 6.Columbus
4、 was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Bahamas in October 12th of 1492. 7.In the 15th century, Europeans brought horses, cattle, and hogs to the Americas and, in turn, took back to Europe corn, potatoes, tobacco, beans, and squash. 8.some evid
5、ence suggests that John Cabot might have reached what is presently New England in 1498.9.The strip of land along the eastern seacoast was settled primarily by English colonists in the 17th century10 In 1607, about 100 British colonists reached the coast near Chesapeake Bay where they founded Jamesto
6、wn11.During the next 150 years, a steady stream of colonists came to America and settled near the coast. Most of the colonists were British, but they also included people from France, Germany, Holland, Ireland, and other countries. 12.The Plymouth Colony was established in 1620. 13.The area of New E
7、ngland was initially settled primarily by Puritans who created the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630. 14.The first attempted English settlement south of Virginia was the Province of Carolina, with Georgia Colony the last of the thirteen colonies established in 1733. 15.Several colonies were used as p
8、laces of punishment from the 1620s until the American Revolution. 16.The House of Burgesses first met at Jamestown, then the capital of Virginia, on July 30, 1619. 17.In 1621, the House gained the authority to make all legislation, but the governor and his council had the right of veto. 18.When it w
9、as temporarily broken up in 1774, its members met in the first revolutionary convention of Virginia. 19.The Thirteen Colonies were British colonies in North America founded between 1607 (Virginia), and 1733 (Georgia). 20.United States of America, which became a nation in 1781 with the ratification o
10、f the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. 221.The 1783 Treaty of Paris represented Great Britains formal acknowledgement of the United States as an independent nation. 22.The war began on April 19, 1775, when British soldiers and Americans clashed at Lexington, Massachusetts, and at nearb
11、y Concord. 23.On Sept. 3, 1783, Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, by which it recognized the independence of the United States. 24.Tension had been building between Great Britain and the American Colonies for more than 10 years before the Revolutionary War began. 25.By 1774, America no longer was
12、a society in which the few ruled with the passive consent of the many. 26.In 1775, Britains Parliament declared Massachusettsthe site of much protestto be in rebellion. 27.On July 4, 1776, the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, in which the colonies declared their freedom from British
13、 rule. 28.In 1777, the Americans won an important victory at Saratoga, N.Y., which convinced France that the Americans could win the war. 29.In October 1781, a large British force surrendered to Washington at Yorktown, Virginia. 30.Finally, on Sept. 3, 1783, the Americans and the British signed the
14、Treaty of Paris of 1783, officially ending the Revolutionary War31.When the Americans created their own nation in the violence of a revolution during the 1770s and 1780s, they took on a political identity 32.In 1781, the states set up a federal government under laws called the Articles of Confederat
15、ion33.The Articles of Confederation served as the new nations basic charter of government until the first government under the Constitution of the United States was formed in 178934.Richard Henry Lee of Virginia first proposed the establishment of a confederation in the Congress on June 7, 1776. 35.
16、Within a month, John Dickinson of Pennsylvania prepared a first draft. On Nov. 15, 1777, Congress adopted a final version. 36. By 1779, all the states except Maryland had approved it. 37.By 1786, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and others were convinced that a general convention was needed to make changes in the Articles. 38.In September 1786, delegates from five states met at Annapolis, Maryland, and proposed that such a convention meet in Philadelphia in May 1787. 39.The deleg
