《英语论文写作——引用的方法》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语论文写作——引用的方法（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、About quotation in the thesisWhen we write an academic paper, we almost always need to borrow ideas, statistics, and previous research findings to strengthen our own ideas, to explain our own arguments, and to support our own evidence. Such practice not only fits our research into the larger picture
2、 of a particular field of research, but also lends a basis and persuasiveness to our arguments.Generally speaking, there are three legal ways of using outside sources and information:1. Direct quotation2. Paraphrasing3. SummarizingEach of these three ways is used extensively in academic research. As
3、 a matter of fact, academic research requires the combined use of these three methods. If a research paper is written without using any outside ideas or information, that paper might be considered as deficient in academic value. Direct Quotation:1. DefinitionA direct quotation is exactly the same as
4、 the original and must be put in quotation marks. Everything within the quotation marks, that is to say, not only the words but also the spelling, 1capitalization and interior punctuation, should be exactly the same as the original. 2. When to use direct quotations (1) When the original wording expr
5、esses the idea so precisely and succinctly that we cannot improve on it;(2) When the direct quotation comes from an authority in a particular field and therefore strengthens our point of view;(3) When we need to borrow a special term or expression that is a particular writers invention and carries s
6、pecial meaning;(4) When we need the original wording for the purpose of further discussion.3. How to use direct quotation(1) When we do quote, we should make every effort to work the direct quotation into our own statement so that it may become part of an organic whole.(2) Use a colon if our direct
7、quotation is introduced by a complete sentence:Sample 1Sinclair Lewis, the first American Nobel Prize winner for literature in 1930, believed that Dreiser better deserved the prize: “Dreisermore than any other man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from 2Victo
8、rian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life.”(3) Treat the direct quotation as part of the sentence and punctuate accordingly if it is not introduced by a complete sentence:Sample 2To Sinclair Lewis, “Dreisermore than any other man, mar
9、ching alone, usually unappreciated, often hated, has cleared the trail from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and gentility in the American fiction to honesty, boldness and passion of life.”ExerciseI have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judge
10、d by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.From “I have a dream”, a speech by Martin Luther King, Jr.4. We should observe the following rules when using direct quotation:(1). Keep the quotation as brief as possible;(2).Be accurate. What appears between quotation marks should
11、be exactly the same as the original. No word, punctuation, or 3even spelling should be charged;(3). Always indicate the source of the quotation;(4). When the quotation is less than three lines, incorporate it in the flow of the paragraph with a pair of quotation marks. When the quotation is longer t
12、han three lines, use a separate and indented paragraph, without quotation marks, to indicate the quotation;Eg:The view that writing is typically a socially-situated act has been reinforced by the aims and experiences of the recent Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) movement (Young and Fulwiler, 198
13、6). A primary research agenda for WAC has been firmly laid out by Faigley and Hansen:If teacher of English are to offer courses that truly prepare students to write in other disciplines, they will have to explore why those disciplines study certain subjects, why certain methods of enquiry are sancti
14、oned, how the convertions of a discipline shape a text in that discipline, how individual writers represent themselves in the text, how a text is read and disseminated, and how one text influences subsequent texts.(Faigley and Hansen, 1985: 149)(5). When only parts of a long sentence or passage are
15、quoted, the omitted words may be indicated three dots. However, the parts that do appear as a quotation still have to be accurate;(6). The volume of direct quotations in any piece of academic 4writing should be kept within1020 of the total paper length. Too much quoted material may spoil the origina
16、lity or style of the academic paper.5. The following expressions are often used to indicate the source of a direct quotation. It is often advisable to include when and where the person said so.As X said As X reportedAs X stated As X wroteAs X mentioned As X maintainedAs X insisted As X declaredX said X further statedX later insisted X continuedX firmly believed. ParaphrasingI. The definition
