《采矿专业英语第一二章》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《采矿专业英语第一二章（30页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、李露露（第一章） 郑迪（第二章）P5Unit 1 Geology, Surveying and Feasibility Studies地质、测量及可行性研究1.1 Mineral Exploration 地质勘探Mineral exploration is the process undertaken by companies, partnerships. or corporations in the endeavour of finding ore ( commercially viable concentrations of minerals) to mine. Mineral explo
2、ration is a much more intensive, organised and professional form of mineral prospecting and though it frequently uses the services of prospecting, the process of mineral exploration on the whole is much more involved.Stages of mineral exploration are includes ：1. Area SelectionArea selection is a cr
3、ucial step in professional mineral exploration. Selection of the best, most prospective, area in a mineral field, geological region or terrain will assist in making it not only possible to find ore deposits, but to find them easily, cheaply and quickly.Area selection is based on applying the theorie
4、s behind ore genesis, the knowledge of known ore occurrences and the method of their formation, to known geological regions via the study of geological maps，to determine potential areas where the particular class of ore deposit being sought may exist. Oftentimes new styles of deposits may be found w
5、hich reveal opportunities to find lookalike deposit styles in rocks and terranes previously though unprospective，which may result in a process of of leases in similar geological settings based on this new model ormethodology.This process applies the disciplines of basin modeling, structural geology.
6、 geochronology, petrology and a host of geophysical and geochemical disciplines to make predictions and draw parallels between the known ore deposits and their physical form and the unknown potential of finding a “lookalike” within the area selected.李露露（第一章） 郑迪（第二章）P7prospecting for tungsten mineral
7、isation.4. Remote SensingAerial photography is an important tool in assessing mineral rxploralion tenements, as it gives the explorer orientation informationlocation of tracks, roads, fences, habitation, as well as ability to at least qualitatively map outcrops and regolith systematics and vegetatio
8、n cover across a region.Satellite based spectroscopes allow the modem mineral explorationist, in regions devoid of cover and vegetation, to map minerals and alteration directly. Improvements in the resolution of modem commercially based satellites have also improved the utility of satellite imagery.
9、 For instance, IKONOS satellite images can be generated with a 30cm pixel size.5. Geochemical MethodsThe primary role of geochemistry, here used describe assaying or geological media， in mineral exploration is to find an area anomalous in the ommodity sought，or in elements known to be associated wit
10、h the type of mineralisation sought.Regional geochemical exploration has traditionally involved use of stream sediments to target potentially mineralised catchments. Regional surveys may use low sampling densities such as one sample per 100 square kilometres. Follow-up geochemical surveys commonly u
11、se soils as the sampling media,possibly via the collection of a grid of samples over the tenement or areas which are amenable to soil geochemistry. Areas which are covered by transported soils, alluvium, colluvium or are disturbed too much by human activity ( roads， rail，farmland) ，may need to be dr
12、illed to a shallow depth in order to sample undisturbed or unpolluted bedrock.Once the geochemical analyses are returned，the data is investigated for anomalies (single or multiple elements) that may be related to the presence of mineralisation. The geochemical anomaly is often field checked against
13、the outcropping geology and in modem geochemistry, normalised against the regolith type and landform to reduce the effects of weathering, transported materials and landforms.Geochemical anomalies may be spurious, or related to low-grade or subgrade mineralisation. In order to determine if this is th
14、e case, geochemical anomalies must be drilled in order to test them for the existence of economic concentrations of mineralisation, or even to determine why they exist in the place they exist.The presence of some chemical elements may indicate the presence of a certain李露露（第一章） 郑迪（第二章）P8mineral Chemi
15、cal analysis of rocks and plants may indicate the presence of an underground deposit. For instance elements like arsenic and antimony are associated with gold deposits and hence, are example pathfinder elementssampled for pathfinder elements in order to help locate deposits.6. Resource EvaluationRes
16、ource evaluation is undertaken to quantify the grade and tonnage of a mineral occurrence. This is achieved primarily by drilling to sample the prospective horizon,lode or strata where the minerals of interest occur.The ultimate aim is to generate a density of drilling sufficient to satisfy the economic and statutory .standards of an ore resource. Depending on the financial situation and size of the deposit and the structure of the company，the level of de
