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1、分享你的目标会降低成功的机会Sharing Your Goal Will Reduce Your Chance of Reaching ItThis time, its going to work. Youre going to achieve your goal. You announce your plan on Facebook. People know what youre doing. Failure means humiliation. A couple months later, someone asks how your goal is coming along. You mu
2、mble an excuse for why you didnt make it. Other tasks took priority.You havent been feeling so good lately. You just plumb forgot about it.这次，会成功的。你将获得成功。你在脸书上宣称你的计划，人们知道你在做什么。失败意味着丢人。几个月后，有人问起你的目标进展。你只好含糊其词地找了个还没成功的借口。其它任务比较急。最近你感觉不太好。你只是恰好忘了。But you know the truth. You lost motivation. What looked
3、 like a 400 meter sprint turned out to be a 10 mile marathon. Its just not fun anymore. You justify quitting and announce a new goal.This time, its going to work. But probably not.但是你知道事实。你没有了动力。就像是一场 400 米的冲刺短跑变成了一场 10 公里的马拉松。这件事不再有趣。你找好了中止这件事的借口，然后又宣布了一个新的目标。这次，会成功的。但可能也不会。Sharing Goals Creates an
4、 Illusion of Progress分线目标造成了一种进度错觉In 2009, NYU psychologist Peter Gollwitzer conducted four tests in a German university. The purpose: find out how likely we are to achieve our goals after we share them.在 2009 年，纽约大学心理学家彼得 戈尔维策在一个德国大学里做了 4 个试验。目的在于：找出在我们分享了目标后，我们还有多少可能实现它。Gollwitzer set up four diff
5、erent tests, consisting of 163 psychology and law students. After each person wrote down a personal goal, half of them were to announce their commitment to the room, while the other half did not. All the students were given 45 minutes to work on their goals, and were told that they could stop at any
6、 time. The students that didnt announce their goals worked the entire 45 minutes on average, and felt that they had a long way to go before their goal would be achieved. The students who did announce their goals only worked 33 minutes on average, and felt they were much closer to achieving their goa
7、ls.戈尔维策设置了 4 个试验，163 个心理法律学专业学生参与其中。在每个人写下一个个人目标后，一半人做出了承诺，而另一半人则没有。所有学生都有 45 分钟从事他们的目标，而且被告知可以随时停下。没有宣称他们目标的学生平均工作了整整 45 分钟，觉得在实现目标之前他们有一段长路要走。宣称他们目标的学成平均只工作了 33 分钟，觉得他们实现目标的路要近得多。Is it possible that the latter group worked harder than the other? Could this be why they feel closer to their goal? Su
8、re, thats possible. But its also obvious that this group had better things to do. This group assumed it was a done deal, while the former group took on a more realistic viewpoint. Who would you bet on?可能是最后一半人比其他人工作更努力吗？这会是成为为什么他们会感觉更接近目标的原因吗？当然，有可能是这样。但也很明显的是这一组要做的更好。这一组假定了这是肯定能做成的事情，而前一组则有一个更加现实的观
9、点。你会赌谁成功呢？Sharing Goals Steals Your Motivation分享目标偷走了你的动力Whether youre looking to become a lawyer or a better parent, your brain looks for indicators that youre moving along. According to Gollwitzer, these indicators are called identity symbols.不论你是在寻求成为一个律师或是一个更好的父亲，你的大脑都会寻找你往前走的指示。根据戈尔维策的说法，这些指示被称
10、作身份符号。From research article, When Intentions Go Public:来自研究文章，什么时候意图会走向公众:Positive self-descriptions made in public qualify as powerful identity symbols (Gollwitzer, Wicklund, & Hilton, 1982), and having an audience for behavioral intentions that specify the successful performance of an identity-rel
11、evant activity should have the same symbolic impact.在公共场合所做的积极的自我表述会作为强大的身份符号（戈尔维策，魏克伦和希尔顿，1982），而且关注一个和身份相关的行为学意图应该有着相同的象征性影响。Saying youre going to do something creates the same identity symbols youd get from actually doing it. If you say youre going to become a great lawyer, get the body of a fitn
12、ess model, or become the worlds greatest Candy Crush player, your brain already feels like youre there. Youre going to sink back into your chair, pleased with your progress. You think about all the good things that are coming your way. Facebook just stole your motivation and you dont even realize it
13、.说你要做某件事会创造出你会实际从中得到的相同的身份符号。如果你说你要成为一个伟大的律师，这会让身体处于一种适当模型，或者成为世界上最棒的糖果粉碎选手，你的大脑就会已经感觉到你已经到那了。你会一屁股坐到椅子上，对你的进度感到高兴。你认为所有好的事情在向你走来。脸书偷走了你的动力，而你甚至没有意识到。Try These Approaches试试这些途径How are you supposed to get motivated if you cant talk about your goals?如果你不能谈论你的目标的话，你应该怎样获得动力呢？Heres an approach from NYU
14、psychologist Gabriele Oettingen:这有一种来自纽约大学心理学家加布里尔奥汀根的途径：What does work better is a hybrid approach that combines positive thinking with “realism.” Heres how it works. Think of a wish. For a few minutes, imagine the wish coming true, letting your mind wander and drift where it will. Then shift gears
15、. Spend a few more minutes imagining the obstacles that stand in the way of realizing your wish.让工作更有效的是一种把积极思考和“现实主义”联系起来的混合方式。这就是它如何工作的。想出一个愿望。接下来几分钟，想象这个愿望实现了，漫步漂移心之所去。然后换挡。花多几分钟想象实现你目标的路上的障碍。This simple process, which my colleagues and I call “mental contrasting,” has produced powerful results i
16、n laboratory experiments.这个简单的过程，被我和同事成为“精神对比”，在实验室实验中产生了强大的结果。A compliment to mental contrasting is an accountability group. These are groups of people who are on the same journey as you. They understand the difficulties you face, and share in the joys of small victories. Make sure to join an accountability group that is specific to your goals. If weight loss is your goal, join a group of people who are all trying to lose weight.对精神对比的一种称赞是一种互相扶持的小组。这是
