专升本英语语法专项

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1、时态时 态一般 进行 完成 完成进行过去 did, was/were was/were doinghad done had been doing现在 do/does, am/is/aream/is/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing将来 will doam/is/are going to doam/is/are to doam/is/are doingdo/doeswill be doing will have donewill have been doing过去将来would do would be doingwould have donewo

2、uld have been doing1. 一般现在时表将来时间、条件状语从句中,事情如果发生在未来,从句中一般用一般现在时表将来。Call me as soon as he arrives.Ill write to you when I get Beijing.表示计划好的将来行动或一系列行动,特别是指旅途中的行动。旅行社人员常这样用:We leave London at 1000 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13002. 询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件的内容时,常将一般现在时与动词 say 连用:What does that notice

3、say?It says, No parking 4. 进行时态主要只用于表示有意识的动作。因此某些动词通常不用进行时态而只有一种现在时态,即一般现在时。这些动词可以分类如下:A 表示感觉(不由自主的动作)的动词如feel,hear,see,smell;也包括 notice 和 observe(=notic)以及当连词用的 feel,B 表示感情和情绪的动词如 admire(=respect) ,adore,appreciate(=value) ,care for(=like ) ,desire,detest,dislike,fear, hate,like,loathe,love,mind(=c

4、are) ,respect,value,want ,wish 等。C 表示精神活动的动词如 agree,appreciate(=understand) ,as- sume, believe,expect(=think) ,feel(=think) ,feel sure certain,forget, know,mean ,perceive,realize,recall,recongnize,recollect,remember,see (=understand) ,see through someone D 表示拥有的动词如 belong,owe ,own,possess:F appear(

5、=seem) ,concern ,consist,contain,hold (=contain) ,keep(=continue ) ,matter,seem,signify ,sound (=seemappear)5. 常与完成时态连用的词:since, for, just, already, yet6. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:是否与现在时间发生联系I thought you were still on holidayWhen did you get back?I came back last weekHas your term started yet?Yes,it started

6、on Monday7. 将来完成时Youll have been in Beijing next month.语态主动、被动1. 使役动词 make/have/let 后跟不定式省略 to,而 make/have 为被动时则不能省略 to, let 虽然被动也用省略 to 的不定式,但它一般被allow 代替。My mother made me read these books.I was made to read these books.2. 主动表被动的动词:wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, write,

7、 sell, sound, arise.3. 被动表主动的用法:be pleased, get married, be prepared, be occupied.非谓语一、不定式1. 不定式的现在式: to do 不定式的现在进行式: to be doing 不定式的完成式: to have done 不定式的完成进行式: to have been doing 不定式的现在式的被动形式: to be done 不定式的完成式的被动形式: to have been done2. 不定式可做主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语(表目的、原因、结果)To lean out of the window

8、 is dangerous = It is dangerous to lean out of the window.She agreed to pay 50 He asked me how to get the park.He is just about to leaveHe advised me to go home.Do you have any question to ask?I come here to meet you.Im glad to see you.The temperature is so high as to change water into steam.3. 后跟不定

9、式的动词agree, be determined, pretend, aim, endeavor, proceed, appear, fail, promise, arrange, forget, prove, ask, guarantee, refuse, attempt, happen, remember, bother(否定), hesitate, resolve, care(否定), hope, seem choose, learn, swear, claim, long, tend, condescend, manage, threaten, consent, neglect, tr

10、ouble(否定), decide, offer, try(=attempt), decline, plan, undertake, demand, prepare, volunteer, determine, be prepared, vow be about, be able+afford, do ones best, make anevery effort, make up ones mind(decide)4. 省略 to 的不定式A. 情态动词B. would rathersooner, rathersooner than,had betterC. 使役动词D. but,except

11、 后E. and, or, than 连接的两个不定式后面的那一个。F. Why, Why not5. 不定式的复合结构,常用 for 引出其逻辑主语Its important for us to get there before Sep 1st.二、动名词1. 动名词可做主语、宾语、表语2. 习惯跟动名词做宾语的动词admit dreadanticipate enjoyappreciate escapeavoid excuseconsider fancy(=imagine)defer finishdelay forgivedeny imaginedetest involvedislike k

12、eep(=continue)loathe recollectmean(=involve) remember (=recollect )mind(object) resentmiss resistpardon riskpostpone save(sb the trouble of)practise stop(cease)prevent suggest propose ( =suggest) understand3. 有些词后可跟不定式,可跟动名词。一般动名词表示已发生过的事情,不定式表示未发生的事情。如 forget, remember, regret, stop, begin4. want,

13、need, demand, deserve, require, desire, merit(值得), bear(承受), worth, be worth of 后,动名词主动表被动。My bicycle wants repairing= to be repaired.4. 动名词的复合结构逻辑主语无生命用s,代词用物主代词: We are looking forward for Lilys/her coming.无生命用原形:I saw the machine moving.5. 不定式一般表一次性、具体性、目的性。动名词表习惯性、一般性、过去性。Reading is a good habit.三、分词1. 分词有形容词、副词特征,可作定语、表语、补语、状语。现在分词有一般式和完成式,过去分词没有。2. 过去分词表已完成、被动;现在分词表正进行、主动3. 分词的复合结构即独立主格结构分词作状语可以表原因、时间、伴随等,如果分词的主语与主句主语相同则可省略,如果不同,则需带自己的主语称之为独立主格结构。He rode away whistling逻辑主语与分词之间如为主动关系,则用现在分词,若为被动关系,则用过去分词或现在分词完成式的被动。分词与主句谓语动词先后关系。如无先后关系则用粉刺的一般式;如果分词发生在谓语动词之前,则用一般式的完成形式。逻辑主语一般用代词的主

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