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1、Spool valves 滑阀The most common sliding-action valve is the spool-type valve, Figure 5. 大多数常见的滑动动作阀是滑阀式换向阀。见图 5。 Fluid is routed to or from the work ports as the spool slides between passages to open and close flow paths, depending on spool position. 当阀芯在各通路之间滑动时油液导入或导出工作油口，根据阀芯位置打开和封闭通道。Spool valves
2、 readily adapt to many different spool-shifting schemes, which broadens their use over a wide variety of applications. 滑阀适于多种不同的阀芯移动方案，因此滑阀的用途广泛。Many mobile applications require metering or throttling to enable the operator to slowly or gently accelerate or decelerate a load.在许多移动应用中要求计量或节流以使操纵机构能够缓
3、慢地增加或减小载荷。In these instances, the spool may be modified with V notches, for example, so that a small displacement of the spool gradually permits increasing or decreasing fluid flow to gradually speed or slow actuator and load movement. 在这些情况下，可修改阀芯，例如，将阀芯改成带 V 型缺口。这样阀芯可少量位移使油液流量逐渐增加或减小，从而逐渐加速或减慢执行机构
4、和载荷的运动。This technique is also used in valves for industrial equipment. 这项技术也应用于工业设备的阀门。A beveled or notched edge on the spool is commonly referred to as a soft-shifting feature. 阀芯上的斜切边缘或缺口边缘通常被指称软移动特性。A variation of the single- or multiple-spool valve is the stack valve, Figure 5, in which a number
5、 of spool and envelope sections are bolted together between an inlet and outlet section to provide control of multiple flow paths. 单芯或多芯滑阀的一个变型是双动滑阀，见图 5。图中，在进油口截面和出油口截面之间，用螺栓将几个阀芯和包覆它们的阀体连接起来，从而控制多个油路。In addition to providing a central valve location for the machine operator, the valve grouping red
6、uces the number of fluid connections involved and increases ease of sealing. The number of valves that can be stacked in this manner varies from one manufacturer to another。除了能 给操纵者提供中位机能，这种阀组还能减少油路的连接，使密封变得容易，通过这种方式组装到一起的阀的数量也能因人而异。Mounting configurations 安装结构Traditional valves are built in a confi
7、guration for inline mounting. 传统的阀门都是内置式安装。But this arrangement is labor intensive, requires assembly of multiple components, and is prone to leakage. 但这种安装方式需要将多个零件组装在一起，特别费工，而且容易出现泄漏。 These factors add to installation cost and can have an even greater impact on maintenance costs. 这不但增加了安装成本而且更加增添维
8、护成本。Therefore, most designers choose subbase or manifold mounting to avoid these problems. 因此，多数设计师选择板式安装来避免上述问题。In the subbase mounting system, all conducting lines are connected to the subbase and the valve attaches onto the base face with matching port pattern, Figure 6. 在板式安装的系统中，所有的导管都与底板连接，阀门固
9、定在底板面上。底板表面分布有与阀门对应的油口。The static subbase does not wear out, so it does not have to be removed. 静态底板不会磨损，因此不必拆除。The valve can be lifted off the subbase after loosening a few screws without disturbing the plumbing. 松开几颗螺丝后就可将阀门起出，而不会影响管道系统。Hydraulic integrated circuits extend the subbase concept even
10、 further by mounting several valves onto and into a common manifold, Figure 7. 液压集成回路进一步发展板式安装的理念。若干个阀门安装在一个底板快上，见图 7。Removing and replacing pneumatic valves is even easier; many are held securely in place by a latch that can be locked or unlocked in seconds. 拆卸和更换气动阀更简单。许多气动阀是用卡销固定在位的。因此这种气动阀可在几秒钟之内锁紧或开锁。When centralized control is needed, smart valve manifolds incorporating connections for fieldbus networks and integral programmable logic controllers are available, Figure 8.当需要集中控制时，可使用带有现场总线网络和可编程序逻辑控制器接头的智能阀门。
