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1、Quality Improvement Methodologies PDCA Cycle, RADAR Matrix, DMAIC and DFSS作者 M Sokovic， D Pavletic， KK PipanAbstractPurpose: of this paper is to introduce the reader to the characteristics of PDCA tool and Six Sigma (DMAIC,DFSS) techniques and EFQM Excellence Model (RADAR matrix), which are possible
2、 to use for the continuousquality improvement of products, processes and services in organizations.Design/methodology/approach: We compared the main characteristics of the presented methodologies aimingto show the main prerequisites, differences, strengths and limits in their application.Findings: D
3、epending on the purpose every organization will have to find a proper way and a combination ofmethodologies in its implementation process. The PDCA cycle is a well known fundamental concept of continuous-improvement processes, RADAR matrix provides a structured approach assessing the organizational
4、performance,DMAIC is a systematic, and fact based approach providing framework of results-oriented project management,DFSS is a systematic approach to new products or processes design focusing on prevent activities.Research limitations/implications: This paper provides general information and observ
5、ations on fourpresented methodologies. Further research could be done towards more detailed study of characteristics andpositive effects of these methodologies.Practical implications: The paper presents condensed presentation of main characteristics, strengths andlimitations of presented methodologi
6、es. Our findings could be used as solid information for managementdecisions about the introduction of various quality programmes.Originality/value: We compared four methodologies and showed their main characteristics and differences.We showed that some methodologies are more simple and therefore eas
7、ily to understand and introduce (e.g.PDCA cycle). On the contrary Six Sigma and EFQM Excellence model are more complex and demandingmethodologies and therefore need more time and resources for their proper implementation.Keywords: Quality continuous improvement; PDCA Cycle; EFQM Excellence Model; RA
8、DAR Matrix; Six SigmaReference to this paper should be given in the following way:M. Sokovic, D. Pavletic, K. Kern Pipan, Quality Improvement Methodologies PDCA Cycle, RADAR Matrix,DMAIC and DFSS, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 43/1 (2010) 476-483.1. IntroductionD
9、ifferent organizations use different methodologies,approaches and tools for implementing a quality management and programmes for continuous quality improvement. The programme is likely to have a different name or label, such as TQM (Total Quality Management), Six Sigma, BPR (Business Process Re-engi
10、neering), Operational Excellence or Business Excellence. Regardless of the methodology, approach, tool or the name of the continuous improvement programmes, each organization will certainly need to use a proper selection and combination of different approaches, tools and techniques in its implementa
11、tion process. Most of these tools, approaches and techniques are used worldwide and simple to understand and can be used by a large number of people of the company, e.g. PDCA cycle or Demings circle. However, some techniques in this area are more complex and demanding, e.g. Six Sigma, Lean Sigma, De
12、sign for Six Sigma or EFQM excellence model. Specialists for specific problem-solving applications and implementation use these advanced techniques and methodologies. It is very important that tools, approaches and techniques should be selected for the appropriate team and applied correctly to the a
13、ppropriate process.The successful implementation of approaches, tools and techniques depends on their understanding, knowledge and proper application in organizational processes.2. The PDCA cycle2.1. DefinitionIn a central process, the actual results of an action are compared with a target or a set
14、point. The difference between the two is then mentioned and corrective measures are adopted if the disparity becomes large. The repeated and continuous nature of continuous improvement follows this usual definition of control and is represented by the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) cycle 1. This is also r
15、eferred to as the Deming circle, named after W. E. Deming. Another variation of PDCA is PDSA (Plan, Do,Study, Act) 2.2.2. ApplicationThe application of the PDCA cycle has been found more effective than adopting “the right first time” approach. Using of the PDCA cycle means continuously looking for b
16、etter methods of improvement. The PDCA cycle is effective in both doing a job and managing a programme. The PDCA cycle enables two types of corrective action temporary and permanent. The temporary action is aimed at results by practically tackling and fixing the problem. The permanent corrective action, on the other hand, consists of investigation and eliminating the root causes and thus targets the sustainability of the improved process. The aspects of the PDCA cycle were ap
