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1、 Text 1 Do We Need Extra Vitamins? 【字体：大 中 小】 【打印】 前言（一）教材特点：1.改版后的教材分十二个单元，每单元有三篇课文，三篇课文都围绕同一主题贯穿而成，第一篇课文较为简单，而第二、三篇较为复杂，内容上也较深。2.阅读练习更为深入和专业化。本书中的每一单元 第一篇都有“reading skills”，分为十二个专题向大家介绍了在阅读英语文章及参加英语考试中应该掌握的英语阅读技巧。3.阅读部分加强，课外知识有很大的补充。考试内容分为四个部分：文中寻词题、阅读理解题、概括大意题和阅读翻译题。其中课内内容占 40%，课外内容占 60%。（二）要求：1.
2、学习完整本书后要增加 20003000 重点词汇。2.阅读速度（1）提高阅读速度（在仔细阅读中等难度的文章时，速度应为 80100 个单词/分钟，了解中心大意，抓住主要论点，熟悉文章的篇章结构，能对所阅读的文章进行分析、归纳、推理，领会作者的态度和观点。）（2）掌握略读或快速阅读方法。快速阅读是指在 23 分钟之内快速阅读400450 个单词左右的短文，快速获取所需的信息，能根据上下文推测和判断词意，并能对文中所叙述的基本事实、文章所反映的基本观点和作者的态度，有较准确的理解。3.大量阅读与英语阅读（二）课程指定教材类似、难易程度相当的其他读物，进一步提高阅读质量。如疯狂英语、书虫系列等。Re
3、ading SkillsLooking for the Topic Sentences 找出文章的中心/主题句通常每篇文章的每段话都有一个主题句，旨在告诉作者段落主题和大意，这也就是主旨句或者主题句。通常在文章的开头、中间或结尾。有时在开头或结尾会同时出现，在开头开门见山地指出，在结尾再予以呼应。还有一种可能是隐含在文中。Sample 1: At the beginning 在开头（P1）Londons weather is very strange.Sample 2: In the middle 在中间（P2）Baby-sitting with my little brother is no
4、 fun.Sample 3: At the end 在结尾（P2） Future generations can expect a life span of 150 years.Background Information中山大学附属第二医院营养理科专家指出：多数人对维生素的作用存在很多误区，较常见的就是以为维生素多吃无害等等。中山大学营养专家何志谦教授指出：“通常来讲，只要食物结构达到平衡，人们可以从食物中获得充分的维生素，不必额外补充。但达到这种平衡并不容易，所以维生素缺乏也较常见。例如偏食的儿童，不吃早餐的人，饮食不规律的成年人、减肥者、素食者、营养需要大增的孕妇、患病者、饮食受限的老年
5、人、食物过精过细的人等等，对他们来说补充适量的维生素是有益的。” 但他提醒，补充过量，极易引起中毒。“维生素分为水溶性和脂溶性两种，水溶性维生素服用后可以随着尿液排出体外，一般不会引起中毒；脂溶性维生素包括维生素 A、E、K、D，不宜随便乱补，必须按照国家规定的量来补。” .Vocabulary1. arise v. come into existence; appear 出现How did this quarrel arise? 这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的？Various new problems may arise in future. 将来可能会出现种种新问题。Many great m
6、en have arisen from humble beginnings. 好汉不怕出身低。2. confine v. restrict 限制Please confine yourself to the subject. 请不要离题。Newton did not confine his studies to mathematics. 牛顿并不把他的研究局限于数学。I wish you will confine your talk to 10 minutes. 我希望你把讲话时间限于十分钟。3. compensate v. give sth. to make up 弥补compensate o
7、r make up for. 赔偿，弥补Employers should compensate their workmen for injuries. 雇主对工人受到的伤害应给予补偿。Nothing can compensate for the loss of time. 虚度光阴是无法补偿的（光阴一去不复还）。4. derive v. get 获得,得到derive from 由.而来,源出derive knowledge from books 从书中获得知识derive a conclusion from facts 从事实推出结论These stories derive from his
8、 experiences during the Long March. 这些故事是根据他在长征中的经历写成的。5. dictate v. drive 驱使 It belongs to me to dictate to them. 我有指挥他们的职责。You dictate and Ill take notes. 你说我记。6. authority n. the power or right to make others obey and believe 权；权力sovereign authority 主权political authority 政治权威overstep ones authori
9、ty 越权misuse of authority 滥用职权7. scarcely adv. almost not 几乎不I can scarcely recognize her. 我简直认不出她来了。He is scarcely trustworthy. 他不值得信赖。Such rudeness is scarcely supportable. 这种粗暴的行为让人难以容忍。have scarcely when 一就He has scarcely received the letter when he answered it. 他一接到信便马上回信。. Phrases and Expressio
10、ns1. in moderation 适当的、适中的Whisky is good for you if take in moderation. 威士忌酒如饮用适度是有益的。Water, taken in moderation, cannot hurt anybody. 水这东西，倘使用得当，是不会伤害任何人的。2. ward off 防止，避免These herbs are said to ward off influenza. 这些草药据说可防止感冒。He took vitamins to ward off head colds. 他吃维生素以避免伤风。He poised himself t
11、o ward off the attack. 他摆出要挡开攻击的姿势。3. sooner or later 迟早If you carry on like this youll come in for it sooner or later. 你如果老是这样下去，早晚要倒霉的。Ill sort you out sooner or later. 我早晚会收拾你。Hell have to go there sooner or later. 他早晚得去。. Notes for the Text1. this should be a last resort rather than a way out of
12、 a problem: 解决这一问题的方法中最不可行的办法a last resort 最后手段rather than 剩余 rather do sth. than do sth.should 表示可能性2. There is an element of doubt in many minds about these two aspects and An element of =a lot of =a great number of 大量3. junk and convenience foods 方便食品和垃圾食品4. As we have seen, some of these are not
13、 the criminals they are made out to be.正如我们所知，这些食品中的某些食品并不像所认为的那样是形成不良饮食习惯的罪魁祸首see 看到,知道,了解5. brown bread 黑面包white bread 白面包6. White sugar is probably the nearest contender for the title. It contains plenty of calories for energy but not much else, and is often described as an “empty calorie” food.白
14、糖可能是这一头衔的最有利的竞争者。因为白糖含有很多提供能量的大卡，但含有的营养不多，因而被称为仅含大卡的食物。7. or finally we may believe they are wonder drugs and will lift us into a state of super health, with all its attendant delights. 我们可能会认为它们（维它命）可能是特效药，会使我们进入最佳身体状态，随之带给我们各种快乐。8. We are protected from some of these wild imaginings by the laws wh
15、ich control advertising but even without false promises we still believe that vitamins will “do us good”.广告法会保护我们，使我们免受这些不切实际想象的危害，但即使没有虚假的广告承诺，我们仍然认为维生素会对我们有益处。do sb. good/bad 对某人有好处或坏处9. It is a “mind over matter” philosophy and for some of us it works.这是一种“精神高于物质”的哲学，而且它对我们某些人是起作用的。over 高于，超出moth
16、er land over everything 祖国万岁friendship over competent 友谊第一，比赛第二. ExercisesChoose the best answer for the following questions according to the text.2. From Para.1 we can infer that A A. “Junk” food should be blamed for unbalanced dietB. few people have normal dietC. many people are sure that they are healthyD. pizzas or hamburgers are a well-balanced meal10. The information which cannot be inferred from the article is that D A. those who can recover form
