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1、 （答案解析） 一、综合题。1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?2.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?3.Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?4.What are the three natural zones in Sc
2、otland?5.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?6.Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?7.What do you know about king Alfred? What makes him worthy of the title of Alfred the Great?8.What contributions did the early Anglo-Saxons make to the
3、 English State?9.What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?10.How did King Henry II reform the courts and the law?11.What was the significance of the Great Charter?12.What were the causes of the Hundred Years War?13.What were the significances of the Hundred Years War?答案部分一、综合题。1.【正确答案】 The
4、British Isles, Great Britain and England are geographical names, not the official names of the country, while the official name is the United Kingdom, but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countrie
5、s that were once colonies of Britain.2.【正确答案】 The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.3.【正确答案】 Yes, it has a favourable climate. Because it has a maritime type of climate-winter is mild, not too cold, and summer is cool, not too hot. It ha
6、s a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature, too.4.【正确答案】 The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.5.【正确答案】 The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh
7、and Irish are Celts.6.【正确答案】 The Roman Conquest was never a total occupation for a few reasons. First, some parts of the country resisted. Secondly, Roman troops were often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire. Thirdly, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject
8、 people of slave class. Never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.7.【正确答案】 Alfred, King of Wessex, was strong enough to defeat the Danes. Alfred is known as “the father of the British navy” as he founde
9、d a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea, then protected the coasts and encouraged trade. A learned man himself, he encouraged learning in others, established schools and formulated a legal system. This, as well as his admirable work with the army and the navy, makes him worthy of his titl
10、e “Alfred the Great”. But the Danes were too strong to be driven back. The good king was compelled to make a treaty with them, allowing them to keep the eastern part of England, which later known as the Dane law.8.【正确答案】 They laid the foundations of the English state. They divided the country into s
11、hires, with shire courts and sheriffs responsible for administering laws as comprehensive as any in the early medieval world. They devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system, which continued until the agricultural revolution in the 18th century. They also established the manorial system, w
12、hereby the lord of the manor collected taxes, and organized the local army. They created the Witan to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.9.【正确答案】 The Norman Conquest of 1066 is one of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences.
13、William the Conqueror confisticated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London as a military fortress. He put the
14、 administration of justice under the control of the King. He replaced the Witan with the Great Council. He further strengthened his power by replacing English bishops with Normans and making himself head of bishops. He favored a closer link between the English church and Rome. Relations with the Con
15、tinent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were introduced. One of the most striking manifestation of the great influence of the Norman conquerors was naturally to be seen in the language. The conquest started a bi-ling
16、uistic period in English history. The Normans continued to speak their French language for about three centuries after the conquest while the English subjects spoke their English tongue, which is called “ Middle English”. The English language that regained supremacy in the field of literature was very different from what it had been before the Conquest. The structure of the language remained English. The common words that appeared in the sentence, such as auxiliary verbs, pronoun
