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1、戴氏教育集团 VIP 张老师1宾语从句宾语从句学习目标：1掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词2掌握宾语从句的语序主句 +连接词+主语+谓语3掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。【注意】学习宾语从句一定要掌握： A. 连词 B. 语序 C. 时态 D. 标点符号【记住】1 每个宾语从句都必须有连词，只有 that 能省略；2 宾语从句一律使用陈述语序；3 宾语从句的时态依据主句：A. 当主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时，从句可根据需要用任何时态B. 当主句的时态是一般过去时，从句一定要用过去时态的某种形式C. 从句部分是客观真理，不管主句是什么时态，从句用一般现在时4 含有宾语从句的主从复合句句末的标
2、点符号依据主句。一、宾语从句的连接词1陈述句变为宾语从句，用连词 that 连接，that 只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He knew ( that ) he should work hard.2一般疑问句变为宾语从句，用连词 if 和 whether 连接，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用 if。Tom doesnt know if / whether his grandpa will like the present.He asked me whether / if I could help him with his
3、English.3特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，用特殊问词本身连接， （连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词 when, where, why, how）它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.4选择疑问句变为宾语从句，用 whetheror连接They asked me whether I would go to a movie or stay at home.5反意疑
4、问句变为宾语从句，用 whetheror not 连接He asked whether it would be fine or not.【注意】由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。I dont know what I should do with the presents. I dont know what to do with the presents.二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：宾语从句的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who(m) do we hav
5、e to see?（）Can you tell me who(m) we have to see? （ ）The teacher asked the students what they were doing. 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。“Where are the tickets?” I ask
6、ed him. 戴氏教育集团 VIP 张老师2I asked him where the tickets were.三、宾语从句的时态呼应宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时） 。I thought（that ）you are right. （）I thought（that ）you were right. （ ）【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。Th
7、e teacher told us（that ）the earth moves around the sun.四其他需要说明的问题1标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take?2要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。3如果主句的主语是第一人称 I 或 we 时，并且谓语动词多为 think、 guess 、believe、suppose 等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句否定从句。I
8、think chicken can swim (变否定句)I dont think chicken can swimI believe he will tell a lie.I dont believe he will tell a lie.He said that he would go shopping (变否定句) .He said that he would not go shopping.whether 和 if 的用法区别:在下列 7 种情况下，只能用 whether， 不能用 if1) 在带 to 的动词不定式前She hasnt decided whether to go or
9、 to stay.He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2) 在介词后面I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.Im not interested in whether shell come or not.Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.3) 直接与 or not 连用时（ 或者在 whether or not 结构中）I cant say whether or not hell come on tim
10、e.Im not interested in whether or not shell come.I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.4) 句首（宾语从句提前，主语从句）Whether she is right or wrong, I cant tell.Whether he is right or wrong is a question.5) 表语从句The question was whether he went there last night.6) 在动词 discuss 的宾语从句中We discussed whe
11、ther we would have a sports meeting next week.7) 如果用 if 会引起歧义的，用 whetherPlease let me know if you like the book.a. Please let me know whether you like the book.戴氏教育集团 VIP 张老师3b. If you like the book, please let me know.在下列三种情况下用 if 不用 whether:1) 引导条件状语从句, if 意为 “如果”We will go swimming if it doesnt r
12、ain tomorrow.2) 引导否定概念的宾语从句时一般用 ifHe asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.3) 状语从句 even if (即使) as if(好像)Ill not let you watch TV even if youre free. He talks as if he knew all about it.戴氏教育集团 VIP 张老师4宾语从句专项训练 从下列 A、B、C、D 中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow._ he comes, Ill tell yo
13、u. A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he come B. how will he come C. if he comes D. whether hell come 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？ A. what B. how C. whether D. where 4. Could you tell me _ the radio withou
14、t any help？A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mended D. what he mended 5. I want to know _ . A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now？ A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _ ？ A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves 8. I dont know _ .Can you tell me, please？ A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old
