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1、毕 业 论 文 （ 设 计 ）简易存储示波器的设计学生姓名： 学 号： 系 别： 专 业： 指导教师： 评阅教师： 论文答辩日期 答辩委员会主席 摘 要现代仪器正在向着智能化、便携式和虚拟化的方向发展。借助少许的采集硬件和通用 PC 平台，仪器正在由单一化向集成化、由物理仪器向虚拟仪器方向发展。虚拟仪器的发展必将推动现代仪器事业的发展。示波器是现代测试中必不可少的电子仪器。随着现代电子技术和通信技术的飞速进步，示波器的实现方式正在经历着深刻的变革。传统的模拟示波器由于结构和功能上存在的缺点，正在被功能强大、使用方便的数字示波器所取代。目前国产的测试用数字示波器在技术上还比较落后，高性能的数字示
2、波器主要靠进口，进口数字示波器虽然功能强大，但价格太高，难以普及；另外，主流的数字示波器大都面向高频信号，高频DSP 和数据采集芯片成本都很高，用于低频信号测试精度又难以满足要求。本设计针对示波器开发以上的两个方面的问题，尝试开发了一种低频虚拟数字示波器。该示波器除了具有传统模拟 CRT 示波器对波形的采集、显示等一般功能，还可以实现对波形数据的存储，以及对波形参数的计算和显示。本设计要做的工作包括：分析了示波器的工作原理和虚拟示波器的结构，探讨了滤波器的实现技术，选择切比雪夫低通滤波器作为低通滤波模型，并运用 Matlab 软件设计了低通滤波器；选低成本单片机 PIC16F877 作为数据采
3、集和处理单元，将采集到的脉冲转换成数字信号，通过 RS232 串口传送到 PC；通过对数字存储示波器功能和结构的分析，运用 Proteus 绘制了示波器各个模块的模拟和数字电路，对各电路的组成进行了说明。仿真结果证明：设计的示波器能够对 20KHz 以内低频信号的获取和显示，满足普通测试要求。具有结构简洁、操作方便、成本低廉的特点，且易于进行功能的扩展，拥有广阔的应用前景。关键词：PC，MCU ，虚拟，示波器AbstractThe oscilloscope is an indispensable testing instrument. With rapid development in mod
4、ern electronic and communication technology, its actualization technology is also experiencing a profound revolution. Due to its structural and functional defects, the conventional analog oscilloscope is now being replaced by the convenient digital storage oscilloscope. However, the domestic produce
5、d digital oscilloscope for testing is still technically backward, and the high-power digital oscilloscopes are mostly foreign produced. The imported digital oscilloscope is powerful but also expensive on the other hand, can not put into popular use. This study was targeted at solving the two problem
6、s mentioned above.In the designed virtual oscilloscope a low-cost PIC16F877 is selected as the unit for data acquisition and processing, which converted the collected analog signal to digital information and then transferred it to PC through RS232 serial port for storage or display. The stored signa
7、l can then be displayed on the screen of PC in wave form through a VC+ programmed software interface in Windows. The designed oscilloscope has not only the functional of the conventional CRT oscilloscope like data collection and displaying, but also storage and display of the waveform data, as well
8、as calculates and display the wave parameter.The methods adopted in this design and the conclusions are listed below: The working principle of oscilloscope and the structure of virtual oscilloscope are analyzed, and the actualization technology of filter is discussed. The Chebycov filter is selected
9、 as the low pass filter model, and the filter was designed using Matlab. By constructing the oscilloscope in a novel way of combining PICs and PC, it not only met the testing demand but also reduced the cost to a minimum. Based on the structural and functional analysis of the digital oscilloscope, t
10、he analog and digital circuit of various modules of the oscilloscope is designed using Proteus, together with introduction of the circuits. Circuit simulation indicated the designing is satisfactory. Conclusion: The simulation of the designing was conducted by using a signal generator.imulation resu
11、lt indicated that the designed oscilloscope met the testing demand by successfully capturing and displaying the low frequency signal with 20Hz in wave form. The product has simple structure, easy manipulation and low building cost. The product has large potential in functional extension and good prospect in popularity.Keywords：PC, MCU, virtual, oscilloscope目 录摘 要 .ABSTRACT .1 绪论1.1 研究的目的和意义 .11.1.1 测量仪器的发展现状 .11.1.2 示波器技术的发展 .31.1.3 示波器软件开发工具 .41.2 研究方法、内容与技术路线 .41.2.1 研究方法及内容 .41.2.2 技术路线 .52 示波器设计原理2.1 示波器工作原理 .72.1.1 模拟示波器工作原理 .72.1.2 数字滤波器的工作原理 .
