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1、11. P5A helpful image is to think about submitting a manuscript to an international journal as a way of participating in the international scientific community. You are, in effect, joining an international conversation. To join this conversation, you need to know what has already been said by the ot
2、her people conversing. In other words, you need to understand the cutting edge of your scientific discipline: what work is being done now by the important players in the field internationally. This means: getting access to the journals where people in the field are publishing; subscribing to the e-m
3、ail alert schemes offered by journal publishers on their websites so that you receive tables of contents when new issues are published; and developing skills for searching the Internet and electronic databases in libraries to which you have access.向国际学术杂志投稿有助于进入国际学术界，事实上你加入了国际间的交流。加入国际间的交流你需要了解其他人已经
4、说了什么。换句话说，你需要了解你的学科“前沿”：即国际上你的研究领域中重量级的科学工作者正在做什么。这意味着你需要： 阅读你的研究领域中科技工作者发表论文的杂志； 通过杂志出版商网站订阅他们通过电子邮件发送的杂志目录，可以收到杂志出版商提供的最新一期杂志的目录； 提升你在网络和图书馆电子数据库查阅资料的技能。2. P15Each journal has its own set of instructions for referees and sometimes these are available on the journals website. You should check and s
5、ee whether this is the case for the journal you are targeting, and obtain a copy if possible. For the purposes of this book, we have constructed a composite list of referee criteria that includes the sorts of questions referees are commonly asked to respond to (Figure 3.1). In addition to ticking th
6、e boxes to provide yes/no answers to the questions, referees are asked to write their comments about any problems with the manuscript or any suggestions for improvement that need to be followed before the manuscript can be considered suitable for publication in the journal. Increasingly, as the numb
7、er of manuscripts submitted to journals has grown, referees are asked to give some numerical rating of the papers novelty or quality as well (e.g. Does this manuscript fall within the top 20% of manuscripts you have read in the last 12 months?). Referees return their comments to the editor.每一种学术期刊都有
8、自己的一套评审规则，有时能在期刊网站上找到。你应该查看你的目标期刊是否也如此，并尽可能得到一份。为了实现本书的目的，我们总结了一个评审标准表，此表包括了评委们通常要回答的各种问题。评委们除了要在方框中打钩来对这些问题进行“是”或“否”的回答，还要对稿件的问题写出评论以及进一步改进的建议，以使稿件适合在期刊发表。由于学术期刊的收到的投稿数量不断增加，评审们还要对论文的新颖性和质量进行评分。 评审们把他们的意见反馈给编辑。3. P23Data presentation styles vary with discipline and personal preference and change ov
9、er time, and there is a large amount of contradictory published advice about what to do, and what looks good. Our aim in this section is not to provide a concrete set of rules for data presentation but 2rather to help you optimize the presentation of your data to support the story of your article. O
10、ne over-arching guideline is that tables and figures should stand alone: that is, the reader should not need to consult the text of the article to understand the data presented in the table or figure; all necessary information should appear in the table/figure, in the title/legend, or in keys or foo
11、tnotes.The first reference for style of data presentation is the Instructions to Contributors (sometimes called Instructions to Authors or Author Guidelines, or other similar names) of the journal you intend to submit the article to. Not all Instructions to Contributors provide great detail about da
12、ta presentation, but they will generally guide you in formatting and preferred style. The next best source of information on data presentation style is articles in recent issues of the journal. You can maximize your chances of meeting the journals requirements by analysing the types of data presente
13、d, the choice of figures or tables, the choice of figure type, and the amount of data presented in the text and in the titles and legends. Use the results of your analyses to inform your decisions on the data presentation for your own manuscript.数据呈现方式会因为学科和个人偏好发生变化，也会随着时间发生变化。在究竟该做些什么，哪种方式看起来更好的问题上
14、，大量的出版物提供的建议也会出现一些矛盾。我们本章的目的不在于提供一套数据呈现的固定规则，而是帮助大家优化数据呈现方式，以支撑论文的主旨。一条首要的规则是，图表应该“独立呈现”：也就是说，读者应该无需通过查阅文字部份即可理解图表中的数据，所有必要的信息都应该包含在图表、标题、图例或脚注中。数据的呈现方式应首先参考你打算投稿的期刊的“投稿须知” （有的时候也叫作者须知等类似的名称） 。不是所有的投稿须知都会提供数据呈现方式的详细规定，但一定会就格式和优选的方式提出一般性的建议。另一个数据呈现方式的参考来自该期刊最近几期上的论文。为了尽可能满足该期刊的要求，你可以分析一下这些论文的数据呈现方式、对
15、图或表的选择、对不同类型图示的选择以及在正文部分、标题、和图例中所出现的数据的多少，利用你的分析结果来指导自己决定论文中的数据呈现方式。4. P35Traditionally, students are taught that the Methods section provides the information needed for another competent scientist to repeat the work. In your experience of reading papers, is this what you find? Many participants in
16、work- shops we have conducted report that they have had problems in replicating what authors have done in their published studies even after reading the Methods section thoroughly.Another way to think about the goal of the Methods section is that it establishes credibility for the results and should therefore provide enough information about how the work was done for readers to evaluate the results; i.e. to decide for themselves whether the results actually mean what t
