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1、Loaders1.OverviewA loader is a type of construction equipment (engineering vehicle) machinery that is primarily used to load material into another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, rail-car, etc.).Loaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble,
2、and digging. A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels, like a backhoe can. Their deep bucket can usually store about 3-6 cubic meters of earth. The front loaders bucket capacity is much bigger than a bucket capacity of a backhoe
3、loader. Loaders are not classified as earthmoving machinery, as their primary purpose is other than earthmoving.Unlike most bulldozers, most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although track loaders are common. They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage rub
4、ber wheels, or where the ground is soft and muddy. Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks but provide less traction.Unlike standard tractors fitted with a front bucket, many large loaders do not use automotive steering mechanisms. Instead, they steer
5、 by a hydraulically actuated pivot point set exactly between the front and rear axles. This is referred to as articulated steering and allows the front axle to be solid, allowing it to carry greater weight. Articulated steering provides better maneuverability for a given wheelbase. Since the front w
6、heels and attachment rotate on the same axis, the operator is able to steer his load in an arc after positioning the machine, which can be useful. The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools-for example, many
7、can mount forks to lift heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically-opening clamshell bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper.In construction areas loaders are also used to transport building materials - such as bricks, pipe, metal bars, and digging tools - over short
8、 distances. Loaders are also used for snow removal, using their bucket or a snow basket, but usually using a snowplow attachment. They clear snow from streets, highways and parking lots. They sometimes load snow into dump trucks for transport.Front loaders gained popularity during the last two decad
9、es, especially in urban engineering projects and small earthmoving works. Many engineering vehicle manufacturers offer a wide range of loaders, the most notable are those of John Deere, Caterpillar, Case, Volvo, Komatsu and Liebherr.2.Applications1 23 4 5 67 89 1011 121. loading materials；2. earthmo
10、ving；3. forestry engineering；4. snow removing；5. underground work；6. loading and unloading；7. pipe laying；8. maintain pavement；9. land clearing；10. garden work；11. rolling compaction；12. tunnel construction3.Types1 23 4 5 67 89 101. mini type loader；2.small type wheel loader；3.medium type wheel load
11、er；4.large type wheel loader；5. track-type loader；6. skid steer loader；7. underground mining loader；8. multi terrain loader；9. wheel backhoe loader；10. side dumping loader 4.Components and Features 1. bucket；2. front axle；3.instrumentation console；4. cab and operating system；5.engine and transmissio
12、n system；6. engine hood；7. counterweight；8. rear axle；9.rear frame；10. electrical system；11. front frame；12. mudguard；13. boom；14. rocker arm cylinder；15. connecting rod；16. rocker arm；17. boom cylinder ；18. frameHydro mechanical Transmission System 1.engine；2. torque converter；3. power shifting tra
13、nsmission box；4. front axle；5. Caliper disc brake；6. wheel；7. parking brake； 8. rear axle；9. gear shift pump；10. steering pump；11. operational pump；12. wheel redactor Transmission System Arrangement 1. engine；2. torque converter；3. power shift transmission box；4. rear frame；5. front frame；6. front a
14、xle；7. transmission shaft；8. rear axleTorque Converter1. flywheel；2、4、7、11、17、19. bearing；3. torque converter rotation housing；5. elastic plate； 6. first turbine； 8. second turbine；9. stator；10. pump impeller；12. gear； 13. stator shaft；14. second turbine shaft；15. first turbine shaft；16. spacer ring
15、；18. one-way clutch gear；20. one-way clutch roller5.Performance Characteristic6.Hydro-mechanical Series Drive 1. engine；2. piston pump；3. low speed piston motor；4.high peed piston motor；5. transfer case7.Hastate Power Train System1. Neutral-start parking brake lever；2. Track motors；3. Hastate pumps hoses；4. Hydraulic oil cooler；5. Service brakes；6. hoses；7. Wet, multi-disc parking brakes；8. Dou
