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1、UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMANFACULTY OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCESUMTA 3123 PHARMACOLOGYJAN TRIMESTER 2016BACHELOR OF CHINESE MEDICINE (HONS)ASSIGNMENT -1: BASIC PHARMACOLOGYLECTURER: DR THAW ZINNO. NAME ID YEAR / TRIMESTER1 EUNICE CHIN HUI QIAN 1300710 Y3T12 HEW MONG CHENG 1203827 Y3T13 HU KEE YI
2、E 1202008 Y3T14 LIAN KE ROU 1300466 Y3T15 NG SIAW LING 1307324 Y3T26 ONG SHUN SENG 1300670 Y3T17 TAN XIN NI 1205541 Y3T28 TAN ZI YANN 1307190 Y3T29 TEE JING XUAN 1301191 Y3T110 TEE KIAN KAT 1400203 Y3T1Assignment -1: Basic Pharmacology1. Why does a health professional needs to know about the rationa
3、l (proper) use of drugs?The selection of essential medicines is only one step towards the improvement of the quality of health care; selection needs to be followed by appropriate use. Each individual should receive the right medicine, in an adequate dose for an adequate duration, with appropriate in
4、formation and follow-up treatment, and at an affordable cost. As a health care professional, accurate diagnosis and rational prescribing must be made properly in the first place to avoid poly-pharmacy and inappropriate self-medication of patients as a result of ineffective treatment given to them, l
5、eading to inappropriate patient demand, that can further cause reduced access and attendance rates due to medicine stock-outs and loss of patient confidence in the health system. Besides that, it is a doctors responsibility to educate the patients in rational use of drugs and about the disease to av
6、oid their irrational over-use of medicines that can result in poor outcomes and adverse drug reactions. Practicing rational use of medicines is also an effort to prevent the development of resistance because the irrational use of drugs may lead to premature demise of highly efficacious and lifesavin
7、g new antimicrobial drug. Furthermore, over-use of antimicrobials can lead to increased antimicrobial resistance and non-sterile injections to the transmission of hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne diseases.Rational use of drugs also decreases the cost of a treatment, and the economic burden
8、on the public as well as on the government. Doctors play an important role in making sure that the public has improved access to basic or essential medicines by practicing proper use of drugs. 2. Why is drug classification and nomenclature in Pharmacology?The term drug nomenclature implies that ther
9、e are several names that can be used to identify a drug. Drugs have three different names which are chemical name, generic name and proprietary name. A chemical name is given when a new chemical entity (NCE) is developed. It is the name given to drug in accordance with rules of chemical nomenclature
10、 established by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. It is useful for chemists of technical personnel as it provides the precise arrangement of atoms and atomic groups in the molecule. It is not used to identify the drug in a clinical or marketing situation.Generic or non-proprietary n
11、ame is a short name given to a drug that is not subject to proprietary rights. The non-proprietary name should always be concise and meaningful. There are two classes of non-proprietary names which are approved name and official name. Approved name is the name given to drug by bodies like United Sta
12、te Adopted Name Council (USAN) and British Approved Name (BAN) soon after its introduction. This name sometime referred to as generic name however this term is used to designate a chemical or pharmacological class of drugs such as Sulphonamide, Penicillin. Official names is the name approved by the
13、National Pharmacopeia Commission and included in the official book. The official name must be identical with approved name.The proprietary name is the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical firm which sell the drug. Thus a single drug is sold under many proprietary names by different firms. They
14、 are written with capital initial letter. Clinicians usually described drug by their proprietary names. The classification of drugs is essential because it allows several thousands of drugs to be reduced to a manageable number of group. There is no uniform or homogeneous system of classifying drugs
15、that suits all purposes. Drugs are classified according to the convenience of the person discussing them such as chemist, pharmacologist, pharmacist and clinician. The drugs are classified based on chemical nature, source, target organ/site of action, mode of action, therapeutic uses, physiological
16、system, physical effects.3. What mode of drug administration will you encounter most in your profession? What advantage does it have over other methods? Oral administration will be mostly encountered in TCM. It is generally the most convenient and carries the lowest cost. Typically, one batch of medicinal is prepared as a decoction of many substances. Some of these are considered as main herbs, some as ancillary herbs which can be used as toxicity canceller or catalyst. For exa
