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1、1英美文学复习资料English Literary History 1. Beowulf is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. 2. Romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period. 3. Geoffrey Chaucer has been called the father of English poetry. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales. 4. Humanism is the essence of th
2、e Renaissance. 5. Edmund Spenser is known as “the poets poet”. Masterpiece the Faerie Queene is a great poem of its age. 6. Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the “University Wits”. His masterpieces are Tamburlaine, Dr. Faustus, the Jew of Malta and Edward II. Marlowes greatest achievement li
3、es in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama and the creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama. 7. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets. His greatest tragedies are Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. The Me
4、rchant of Venice is the most important play among the comedies. 8. Francis Bacon is a well-known Renaissance philosopher, scientist and essayist. 9. John Donne is the leading figure of the “Metaphysical school.” 10. The neoclassical period, that is the eighteenth-century England is also known as the
5、 Age of enlightenment or the Age of Reason. Enlightenment Movement brought about in reviving the interest in old classical works is known as neoclassicism. 11. The mid-century was predominated by a newly rising literary form the modern English novel. 12. John Bunyan was a devout Christian, and a fir
6、m non-conformist of the Anglican Church. His masterpiece is the Pilgrims Progress. (最成功的宗教寓言诗) 13. Alexander Popes best satiric work is The Dunciad (愚人志 ). 14. Daniel Defoes works are the first literary writings devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. 15. Jonathan Swift was a mas
7、ter satirist. His “A Modest Proposal” is generally taken as a perfect model. 16. Henry Fielding is regarded as “father of the English Novel”. He was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and
8、style. 17. Samuel Johnson, as a lexicographer, distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman A Dictionary of the English Language. 18. Richard Brinsley Sheridan is the only important English dramatist of the eighteenth century. His plays, especially the Rivals
9、and the School for Scandal, are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as the true classics in English comedy. 19. Thomas Grays masterpiece, “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard,” establishes his fame as the leader of the sentim
10、ental poetry of the day, especially “the Graveyard School.” 20. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scotts death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.
11、 21. William Blake was literarily the first important English Romantic poet. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry. His major works are Songs of Innocence, Songs of experience and Marriage of heaven and Hell. 22. William Wordsworth, together with Robert 2Southey and Col
12、eridge, became known as the “Lake Poets.” He published Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with Coleridge. The preface to this collection of poems is considered as declarations of romanticism. 23. Samual Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the ancient mariner 24. George Gordon Byrons masterpiece is Don Ju
13、an, which was called comic epic and mock epic. 25. Percy Bysshe Shelleys greatest achievement is Prometheus Unbound. His most well-known lyric is “Ode to the West Wind.” 26. John Keats is known for his many great odes. 27. Jane Austens first novel is Sense and Sensibility. Her masterpieces are Pride
14、 and Prejudice, and Emma. 28. Novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. 29. Realism emphasizes objectivity, straightforward and matter-of-fact, and adopts a critical tone. 30. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writer
15、s of the Victorian Age. Dickens is a master of story-telling, and Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works. 31. Bronte Sisters: Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte and Anne Bronte. Emily is chiefly famous for her only novel, Wuthering Heights. 32. Alfred Tennysons masterpiece i
16、s In Memoriam. 33. George Eliot, as a pioneer to the modern psychoanalytical novel, was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside.” 34. Thomas Hardys works, known as “novels of character and environment,” are most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical writer. Influenced by nature and environment. 35. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernis
