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1、Unit 12Life is full of the unexpected.1Life is full of the unexpected. 生活中充满了意外。(1)unexpected 是形容词，意为“出乎意料的；始料不及的” 。如：It will not be unexpected if Tom comes late again, because he is always like this.如果汤姆又迟到了，这一点也不意外，因为他一向如此。There will be unexpected gains.将有无法预料的收获。We have come up against an unexpec
2、ted problem. 我们碰到了一个意想不到的问题。(2)“the形容词”表示一类人或事物。如：the young 年轻人2My alarm clock didnt go off!我的闹钟没有响！go off 在这里意为“爆发突然的响声” 。如：The alarm went off just now. 刚才警报响了。go off 还有“(突然 )离开”的意思。如：They went off without telling us.他们走时没有告诉我们。3By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed u
3、p. 当我到达晚会时，其他的每个人都已经出席了。show up 意为“出现；出席” 。如：She didnt show up last night.昨晚她没有出现。All you have to do is to show up on time.你只要按时到就行了。4Luckily, Carls dad saw me on the street and gave me a lift in his car. 幸运的是，卡尔的爸爸在街上看到了我，给我搭了便车。give sb. a liftgive sb. a ride，意为 “让某人搭便车” ，give/get sb. a liftgive/ge
4、t a lift to sb.，意为 “给/让某人搭便车 ”。如：He often gives me a lift to school.他经常让我搭便车去学校。Im a little late, can you give me a lift?我要迟到了，你能捎我一程吗？5The lady was so happy because she really wanted to get married.这位女士非常高兴，因为她真的很想结婚。marry 是动词，意为“嫁；娶；结婚” 。其常见用法如下：(1)marry sb. 表示“嫁给某人；娶了某人；和某人结婚” 。如：John is going to
5、 marry Jane. 约翰要和简结婚了。(2)get/be married to sb. 表示“ 和某人结婚” 。如：Rose was/got married to a doctor last month.上个月罗斯和一位医生结婚了。(3)marry sb. to sb. 表示父母把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。如：The father married his daughter to a rich man. 这位父亲把他的女儿嫁给了一个富人。1By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.到我起床时，我哥哥
6、已经在洗澡了。“by the time从句”表示“当(到) 时” ，引导时间状语从句。如果从句中用了一般过去时，主句中常用过去完成时；如果主句中用了将来时，从句中常用一般现在时表将来。如：By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.当我们到达他家时，他已经吃完晚饭了。He will be a teacher by the time he is twenty.到他二十岁时，他会成为一名教师。2When I got to school, I realized that I had left my backpack at home.
7、 当我到达学校时，我意识到我把我的背包落在家里了。(1)realize 作及物动词，意为“认识到；了解” 。如：He didnt realize his mistake until his mother told him.直到妈妈告诉他，他才认识到自己的错误。I didnt realize how late it was.我没有意识到天已经那么晚了。When he realized what had happened, he was sorry.当他明白发生了什么事时，他感到很难过。(2)realize 还可意为“实现；完成” 。如：The girl finally realized her
8、dream of becoming an actress.那个女孩当演员的梦想最终实现了。3I was about to go up when I decided to get a coffee first. 我正要上去时，我决定先去喝杯咖啡。be about to do 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，一般不再加时间状语。如：We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。The new school year is about to begin.新学年开始在即。过去完成时态(1)概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去(pa
9、stinthepast)” 。(2)构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称，否定式为“had not过去分词 ”，had not 可缩写为 hadnt。如：They had already had breakfast before we arrived at the hotel.在我们到达酒店之前，他们已经吃过早饭了。She hadnt finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning.今天早上十点之前她还没有写完作文。(3)过去完成时的主要用法：1)过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或
10、动作之前已经完成或结束。如：Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.在她有机会说再见时，他已经走进了大楼。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)When I got to the cinema, the movie had already begun.当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。By the time I got to school, the teacher had collected the math homework.当我到达学校时，老师已经收了数学作业。We had learned ov
11、er two thousand English words by the end of last term. 在上学期末之前我们已经学了两千多个英语单词。2)过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去” ，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book.他告诉我他已写了一本新书。(had written 发生在 told 之前)She said that she had seen the film before.她说她以前看过这部电影。(had seen 发生在 said 之前)3)过去完成时需要与一个
12、表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already, yet, still, just, before, never 等时间副词及 by(by the time), before, until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.在她来中国之前，格雷斯在一所中学教英语已有五年了。Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the tim
13、e he was ten.到他十岁时，彼得已经收集了 300 多张中国邮票。She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years. 她说她已在那家医院工作二十年了。4)过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到过去的这个时间。如：By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.到去年年底，他在这个工厂工作已经有二十年了。I met my English teacher in the street yesterday. We ha
14、dnt seen each other since I finished school. 我昨天在街上碰到了我的英语老师，自从我毕业以来我们还没有见过。一、用所给词的适当形式填空1We have to learn many _(course) at school.2When I reached the supermarket, all of the bananas had been _(sell) out. 3The drop in prices was quite _(expect)4Italy had stopped _(grow) spaghetti. So we couldnt buy
15、 it.5The _(end) of the story is amazing.6One of the _(work) fell down and got hurt.7The panic set off _(cross) the whole country.8I got up late this morning and I _(miss) the early bus.9The thieves had already _(leave) the bank before the police got there.10She was so_(embarrass) that she didnt know what to say at the moment.11They have been _(marry) since eight years ago.12Have you ever _(oversleep)?Yes, I have, because my clock didnt go off.13When I said I could do it by myself, she looked up and down at me in _(belief)14Great _(discovery) were being made almost
