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1、 Activated sludge An aerobic wastewater treatment process where microorganisms are grown in a reactor and kept in suspension through mixing and aeration. Wastewater is passed through the reactor where the suspended microorganisms consume and convert the organic matter, and later being separated from
2、 the treated wastewater in a settlement process. The process requires a constant recycling of biomass from the settlement tank back to the reactor to maintain the required microbial population for treatment.活性淤泥在污水处理过程中的好氧段，微生物通过混合和曝气在反应池中生长。废水与悬浮在反应池中的微生物反应，废水中的有机物被微生物消耗转化，在之后的沉降过程分离出来。这个过程中需要一定数量的
3、微生物从沉淀池循环到反应池，以保证处理过程微生物总量符合要求。-Alkalinity The quantitative capacity of water to neutralize an acid; that is, the measure of how much acid can be added to a liquid without causing a significant change in pH. In the water industry, alkalinity is expressed in mg/l of equivalent calcium carbonate. Ther
4、e are three kinds of alkalinity: carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide alkalinity. Total alkalinity is the sum of all three kinds of alkalinity.碱性碱性是指水定量的中和酸的能力，就是在 PH 不剧烈变化的情况下，溶液中能中和多少酸。在水处理行业，以 mg/l 的碱性物质对应的碳酸钙表示碱性。有三种碱性物质，碳酸盐碳酸氢盐和氢氧化物。总碱度是三种碱性物质的和。-Backwash Reversing the flow of water back throu
5、gh the filter media to remove entrapped solids.反洗反转水的流向，使水流回过滤介质以去除截留的固体。-Batch ProcessA treatment process in which a tank or reactor is filled, the water or wastewater is treated , and the tank is emptied. The tank may then be filled and the process repeated. Batch processes are also used to cleans
6、e, stabilize, or condition chemical solutions for use in industrial manufacturing and treatment processes.间歇处理在间歇处理过程中，水或废水充满水箱后被处理，之后排空水箱，之后水箱再被填满，重复操作。在工业生产和处理过程中，间歇处理也被用于净化、稳定或化学溶液。-BOD BOD is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down o
7、rganic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. The term is widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water.生物耗氧量 BOD 是指水样在一定温度和时间，微生物去除水样中有机物所需要的溶解氧量。这个术语广泛用于表征水中有机物含量。-Brackish Water Brackish water conntaining between 1.000 and 15,00
8、0 ppm of dissolved solids is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater . It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers.苦咸水苦咸水指含有 1 到 15000ppm 可溶性固体，水的盐度比淡水高但比海水低。它是海水和淡水的混合或者在咸水蓄水层。-Brine A strong solution of salt
9、(s) with total dissolved solid s concentrations. The waste solution in both automatic water softeners and reverse osmosis systems.卤水高含盐量同时高浓度可溶性固体。需用软化器和反渗透系统。-COD Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): A measure of the oxygen required to oxidize all compounds, both organic and inorganic, in water. COD is ty
10、pically measured in mg/l, which indicates oxygen consumed per liter of solution.The term is widely used as an indication of the organic quality of water.化学耗氧量 化学耗氧量：氧化水中有机物或者无机物所需要的氧量。COD 通常以 mg/l 测量，表示每升溶液的耗氧量，这个术语主要表征水中有机物含量。-Desalination Removal of salt (sodium chloride) and other minerals from t
11、he sea water to make it suitable for human consumption and/or industrial use. The most common desalination methods employ reverse-osmosis除盐去除海水中的盐类或者矿物质，使它能够供日常或者工业使用，最常见的除盐方法是反渗透。-Deionaziton/ Demineralization The term is generally used with respect to removal of ions from water. Deionization is co
12、mmonly achieved by ion exchange process.Deionization is used for water purification for industrial use除离子此术语主要是指去除水中的离子，通常使用离子交换法，主要是工业水处理用。-DigestionThe breaking down of sludge and other waste biologically by microorganisms. Results in byproducts such as methane gas, carbon dioxide, sludge solids and water. Aerobic digestion requires oxygen, anaerobic dige
