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1、河南理工大学2014模拟联合国大会The HPU Model United Nation 2014英文组English Group背景文件Background Guide河南理工大学外国语学院学生会编写TOPIC: Ukraine CrisisCONTENTS Introduction-3Background-4The reason for Ukraine crisis-8Current situation-10International reaction-13Focus on the topic-18Relevant papers-19MUN resources-21Introduction
2、:The Crimean crisis is an ongoing international crisis principally involving Russia and Ukraine. Most developments apply to the Crimean Peninsula, formerly a multi-ethnic region of Ukraine composed of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the administratively separate municipality of Sevastopol; bot
3、h are populated by an ethnic Russianmajority and a minority of both ethnic Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars.The crisis unfolded in late February 2014 in the aftermath of the Ukrainian Revolution which ended with President Viktor Yanukovichs impeachment by the Verkhovna Rada, his subsequent flight from
4、the capital, and the interim appointment of the Yatsenyuk Government with Oleksandr Turchynov named the from German Chancellor Angela Merkel,and U.S.Vice President Joe Biden. However, the Russian government held that Yanukovych(亚努科维奇） was illegally impeached and continues to regard him as Ukraines l
5、egitimate president,while considering the Yatsenyuk（阿尔谢尼亚采纽克，乌克兰议会前议长）government illegitimate and the result of a coup detat, on constitutional grounds.Beginning on February 26, pro-Russian forces begun to gradually take control of the Crimean peninsula. At first the gunmen, wearing masks and unmark
6、ed uniforms, seized government buildings but by no later than the 24th of March had occupied all Ukrainian military bases in Crimea, forcing the Ukraine armed forces to withdraw from the peninsula. During this time, the question of secession was put to a referendum, which resulted in a 96% affirmati
7、ve vote but has been condemned by the EU, USA, and the interim Ukraine government as unconstitutional and thus illegal. Despite international opposition, on 17 March the Crimean parliament declared independence from Ukraine and asked to join the Russian Federation. As a result, on March 27 the U.N.
8、General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution 100 in favor, 11 against and 58 abstentions in the 193-nation assembly that declared invalid Crimeas Moscow-backed referendum.BackgroundThe Crimean Khanate, a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, was conquered by the Russian Empire in 1783. Following its inc
9、orporation into the Russian Empire, Crimea became the heart ofRussian Romanticism and the region continued to attract vacationers well after the Russian Empire was replaced by the Soviet Union. The demographics of Crimea have undergone dramatic changes in the past centuries. Crimea had autonomy with
10、in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1921 until 1945, when Joseph Stalin deported the Crimean Tatars and abolished Crimean autonomy. In 1954, the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev transferred the Crimean Oblast from the Russi
11、an SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR, in a symbolic gesture that seemed insignificant at the time, since both republics were a part of the Soviet Union. Crimeas pre-1945 autonomy was re-established with the Crimean sovereignty referendum in 1991, the final year of the Soviet Unions existence. In 1992, the C
12、rimean Parliament voted to hold a referendum to declare independence, while the Russian Parliament voted to void the cession of Crimea to Ukraine. In 1994, Russian nationalist Yuri Meshkov won the 1994 Crimean presidential election and organized a referendum on Crimeas status. Later in that same yea
13、r, Crimeas legal status as part of Ukraine was recognized by Russia, which pledged to uphold the territorial integrity of Ukraine in the Budapest memorandum signed in 1994. This treaty (or executive agreement for purposes of US law), was also signed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France.
14、Ukraine revoked the Crimean constitution and abolished the office of Crimean President in 1995.75 Crimea would gain a new constitution in 1998 that granted the Crimean parliament lesser powers than the previous constitution,including no legislative initiative. Crimean officials would later seek to r
15、estore the powers of the previous constitution. The further developments in Crimea and the future of the Russian naval base in Sevastopol there have been a point of contention in Russian-Ukrainian relations. Under the now defunct Russian-Ukrainian Partition Treaty determining the fate of the military bases and vessels in Crimea signed in 1997 and prolonged in 2010 - Russia was allowed to have up to 25,000 troops, 24 artillery systems (with a caliber smaller than 100 mm), 132 armored vehicles, and 22 military p
