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1、杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2016 年 考试科目代码 724 考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共 17 页，第 1 页）杭 州 师 范 大 学2016 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题考试科目代码： 724 考试科目名称： 综合英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。I. Cloze（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given).Historians have only recently begun
2、 to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firms remarkable (1) s_ in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and childrens to
3、ys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly (2) i_ doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And (3) w_ were the effects of the new demand (4) f_ luxuries?An answer (5) t_ the first of these has (6) b_ difficult to obtain. Although it
4、has been possible to (7) i_ from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their (8) c_ wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We will need to know how large thi
5、s consumer market was and (9) h_ far down the social scale the consumer for (10) l_ goods penetrated. With (11) r_ to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people (12) t_ the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated
6、the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism (13) i_ general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2016 年 考试科目代码 724 考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共 17 页，第 2 页）century England readily shifted (14) f_ home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced
7、 by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.To answer the question of (15) w_ consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, however, hardly seems a sufficient (16) a_. McKendrick favors a Veblen m
8、odel of conspicuous consumption stimulated by (17) c_ for status. The middling sort bought (18) g_ and services because they wanted to (19) f_ fashions (20) s_ by the rich. Again, we may (21) w_ whether this explanation is sufficient. Do not people enjoy (22) b_ things as a form of self-gratificatio
9、n? If so, consumerism could be (23) s_ as a product of the (24) r_ of new concept of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition. Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand for luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long (25) w_ t
10、oward explaining the coming of the (26) I_ Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do (27) w_ the development of iron manufacture and textile mills? It is perfectly possible to have the psychology and reality of a (28) c_ society witho
11、ut a heavy industrial sector.That future exploration of these key (29) q_ is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable (30) d_ in eighteenth-century England for frivolous as well as useful goods and services foreshadows our own
12、world.II. Reading Comprehension (每小题 2 分，共 60 分)Directions: There are 6 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and write the corresponding l
13、etter on the answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile 杭 州 师 范 大 学 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 命 题 纸2016 年 考试科目代码 724 考试科目名称综合英语（本考试科目共 17 页，第 3 页）
14、branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage, Shakespeares bi
15、rthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSCs actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus-and often take in WarwickCastle and BlenheimPalace on the side-dont usually see the plays, and some of the
