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1、英国文学简史11. P1 问答 Three conquests（时间+意义）: 1) The Roman conquest, 55 BC, civilized, Christianized2) The English conquest, 5th century, old English, starting point of English literature3) The Norman conquest, 1066, Mid-English, establishment of feudalism.2. P3 选择，填空，判断Beowulf, the national epic of Engli
2、sh people.3. P4 诗歌翻译“Thus made their mourning the men of Geatland, 坟墓周围，勇士们骑着战马，For their heros passing, his hearth-companions 为逝去的国王唱起挽歌，Quoth that of all the kings of earth, 高赞你的懿德，分享你的恩泽，哀叹你的陨落，Of men he was the mildest and most beloved, 人们称你为最可亲最可敬的国王，To his kin the kindest,keenest to praise.” 你
3、对人们总是最仁爱最热心，你最渴望的就是人们对你的赞扬。4. P5 名词解释，问答Features of Beowulf:英国文学简史21) The use of alliteration. (头韵)(定义： in alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.)2) The use of metaphors and of understatements（隐喻）(Grendel represents forest, she-monster represents wa
4、ter, fire-dragon represents sky)5. P8 选择 填空 判断英国 Romance 代表作: adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table （亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士，同时也是骑士文学代表作）6. P9 问答The class nature of the romance：1) The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances, as loyalty was the corner-stone o
5、f feudal morality, without which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse.2) They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.7. P17 选择 填空 名词解释The Ballads(民谣 ): the most important department of English folk literature.1) 定义：A ballad is a s
6、tory told in song, usually in four-line stanzas, with the second and forth 英国文学简史3lines rhymed. They are mainly the literature of peasants, and in them one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society.2) 代表作：The Robin Hood Ballads (罗宾汉民谣)8. P19 选择 填空 判断1) Geoffrey
7、 Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born about 1340 in London.2) The Canterbury Tales (坎特伯雷故事集) is Chaucers masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.9. P25 问答Chaucers language and contribution: 1) Chaucers language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. He
8、is master of word-pictures.2) He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.3) Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London standar
9、d for the modern English speech.10. P27 问答Preparation for the English Renaissance:1) The establishment of the new monarchy2) Religious Reformation: the appearance of Protestantism英国文学简史43) Language and cultural preparation: the publish of English Bible 11. P28 名词解释 选择 判断King James Bible: the authori
10、zed version of English Bible, which was made in 1611 under the auspices of James.12. P30-31 名词解释 问答(文艺复兴：全答；人文主义：第三点 )1) Renaissance 定义：The rise of the bourgeoisie soon showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as the Renaissance, or, the rebir
11、th of letters. It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.2) Features of Renaissance:The one is the thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.The Renaissance is the keen interests in the activities of humanity.3) Humanism 定义：Humanism is the keynote of th
12、e Renaissance. It reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, which saw the world opening before it. According to the humanists, both men and the world are hindered only by external checks from infinite improvement. Man could mould the world according to his desires, and attain happines
13、s by removing all external checks by the exercise of reason.13. P40-42 选择 判断 填空英国文学简史51) Edmund Spenser 代表作：The Faerie Queene仙后2) The Spenserian Stanza（斯宾塞体）定义：The Faerie Queene is written in a special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic f
14、eet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. This form has since been called the Spenserian Stanza.14. P43 诗歌翻译A gentle Knight was pricking(=spurring) on the plaine, 一位高贵的骑士正策马穿过平原，Y-cladd(=clad) in mightie armes and silver shielde, 他全副武装，手持银盾， Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remain, 盾上仍留着陈旧的深深的凹痕， T
15、he cruell markes of many a bloody fielde; 这残酷的标记来自多次血腥的战阵；Yet armes till that time did he never wield: 但这些武器至今他还未用过； His angry steede did chide his foming(=foaming) bitt, 他那愤怒的坐骑暴躁地咬着马勒， As much disdayning to the curbe to yield: 似乎桀骜不驯，不愿受主人的控制；Full jolly Knight he seemed , and faire did sitt, 他看上去是
16、位真正的骑士，端坐马上，As one for knightly giusts and fierce en counters fitt. 好像准备参加骑士比武，迎接激烈对抗。15. P46-47 填空文艺复兴四大戏剧类型：1）The miracle play 奇迹剧 2）The morality play 道德剧英国文学简史63）The interlude 插剧（幕间剧）4）The classical drama 经典戏剧（古典剧）16. P51 选择 填空 判断Marlowe（马洛）代表作：Tamburlaine 帖木儿 , The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人,Doctor Faustus浮士德博士.17. P54 问答Social significance of Marlowe
