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1、Part II The Anglo-Norman Period(1066-1485)I. The Norman Conquest1).politically,a feudalist system was established in England2).religiously, the Rome backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country3).in language, English was spoken by the common Engish people; French became the of
2、ficial language4.)with the introduction of the culture and literature of France, Italy and other European countries came into England1. The Danish Invasion Alfred the Great阿尔弗烈德大帝 was king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex from 871 to 899. Alfred is noted for his defence of the Anglo-Saxon kingdo
3、ms of southern England against the Vikings, becoming the only English king to be given the epithet the Great.1 Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself King of the Anglo-Saxons. Details of his life are described in a work by the Welsh scholar and Bishop, Asser. Alfred was a lear
4、ned man who encouraged education and improved his kingdoms legal system and military structure.( The King succeeded in driving off the Danes. The King started the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. )2. The Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon established the feudalism 3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on
5、 the English LanguageThe Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing.French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury, science and law, began to come into the English languageBy the end of the 14th century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech
6、in the country. But now it became something different from the old Anglo-Saxon.II. The Literature of Anglo-Norman PeriodThe literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure, in marked contrast with the strength and somberness of Anglo-Saxon
7、poetry. During the following centuries Anglo-Saxon speech simplified itself by dropping of its Teutonic inflections, absorbed eventually a large part of the French vocabulary, and became the English language. English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.(传奇文学去妨碍了传统的英雄史诗成为这一时
8、期额主导叙事模式。作为中世纪骑士制度的一种精神产物，传奇文学是英国封建社会发展到成熟阶段的一种社会理想的体现)A: Romance The literature for the upper class.The prevailing form of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.Romance: It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.
9、 (term) Its essential features are: 1. It lacks general resemblance to truth or reality. 2. It contains perilous adventures more or less remote from ordinary life. 3. It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady. 4. The central character is a knight of noble family described as riding forth t
10、o seek adventures, taking part in tournaments, of fighting for his lord in battle. He is devoted to the Church and the king. (the knight code) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is considered the culmination of Romance. The value of romance: Its careful interweaving of one episode with another, the var
11、ious suspense and surprise as the story unfolds itself, the psychological analysis of the character Sir Gawain has paved the way for the novel writing. Language style: simple and very straightforward. But nevertheless, the story could not be devoid of defects, for example: sometimes the reader can s
12、ense the superstition and supernatural elements. During this period, especially in the second half of the 14th century, the four great works are: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Pearl, Piers the Plowman, and Chaucers Canterbury Tales.Popular literature also drew on themes of romance, but with i
13、ronic, satiric or burlesque intent. Romances reworked legends, fairy tales, and history to suit tastes, but by c.1600 they were out of fashion and Miguel de Cervantes famously satirised them in his novel Don QuixoteKnight: originally meant no more than a household servant, living in the lords hall a
14、nd to serve him in war, and when necessary to fight for the king. Later, the great barons give lands to knights on condition that they should be ready to fight when called upon. Thus, the feudal system of hierarchy was formed. Knights were at the lowest level of the nobility (upper class); and liter
15、ature about knights called chivalric literature. The system called chivalry.(1)Classes The great majority of the romances fall into groups or cycles, as a. the “matters of Britain” (adventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table)b. the “matters of France”, tales centering about Charlem
16、agne and his peersc. the “matters of Greece and Rome”, an endless series of fabulous tales about Alexander, and about the fall of Troy(2) The Class Nature of the RomanceThe theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. The romances had nothing to do with the common people. They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble. (3) Arthurian romancesThere were many cycles of
