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1、2017 年中考英语复习之非谓语动词 第 1 页 共 8 页2017 年中考英语复习之非谓语动词一、定义:在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词( 它不受人称和数的限制),包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）二、动词不定式(一).不定式的基本形式 :to+V 原，不定式的否定形式:not to+V 原(二)不定式的句法功能 (不定式在句中能作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补、状语)1.不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句末：a.It+be+名词 +to do sth.b.It takes sb. some time to do
2、 sthc.It+be+形容词 +of /for sb +to do sth当形容词表示人的品质时, 用 of 不用 for. (careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,clever)2.不定式作宾语 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：would like,want, hope, wish,like,decide,plan, learn, pretend, refuse,.在 find,think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy
3、to read English every day.常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式的用法:why not do sth?=why dont you do sth? had better (not)do sth,would rather do sth,could/would you please (not)do sth?3.不定式作表语 Her job is to clean the hall.4.不定式作宾语补足语 want, wish, ask, tell, help, advise,teach, allow, wait for, invite,would like,encourage
4、后跟动词不定式作宾补；使役动词和感官动词常用省略 to 的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，必须加上 to.(一感二听三让四看五帮助)feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,look at,see,watch,notice,help5.不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，应放在名词之后；不定式为不及物动词时，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。He found a good house to live in.6.不定式常与疑问词 what,which,when,where,how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。He didnt know where to
5、 go.= He didnt know where he should go.7.只能接不定式动词的口诀:决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事 ,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事decide to do sth.决定做某事,want would like to do sth.想做某事,plan to do sth.计划做某某事,fail to do 未能做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事,agree to do sth.同意做某事,afford to do 能做某事,be used to do 被用来做 ,cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事,make up on
6、es mind to do 下决心做某事,used to do 过去常常做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事,tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事,want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事,expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事,promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事,allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 remin
7、d sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事,help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事三、动名词(一)、动名词的构成 :动词原形 +-ing(二)、动名词的句法功能 (动名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语)Eating too much is bad for your health.I like playing basketball very much.Stamps are used for sending letters.His hobby is collecting stamps.She is in the reading room.(三)、常见接动名词作宾语的动词:
8、喜欢、考虑不可免，停止、放弃大冒险，介意想象莫推延，2017 年中考英语复习之非谓语动词 第 2 页 共 8 页要求完成是渴望，建议继续勤练，不禁原谅要坚持，继续注意使成功。(enjoy,consider,avoid,stop,give up,risk,mind,imagine,put off, require,finish,look forward to,suggest,go on,practice,cant help,excuse,insist on,keep on,pay attention to,succeed in)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事,spend.doing
9、 sth.花费做某事,be busy doing sth.忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth.想象做某事,cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事 finish doing sth.完成做某事,practice doing sth. 练习做某事,miss doing sth.错过做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事 ,keep (on) doing sth.保持（继续）做某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事 be worth doing sth.值得做某事,consider doing s
10、th.考虑做某事,be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣,be used for doing sth.被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth.谢谢某人做某 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事,put off doin 推迟做某事,keep/stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,give up doing sth.放弃做某事,without doing sth.没有做某事,think about doing sth.考虑做某事,What/How
11、 about doing 做某事怎么样?look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意/关注做某事be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事,prefer doing sth to doing sth.相比做，更喜欢做四、分词(一)分词的构成 :现在分词的基本形式由动词 +-ing 构成，过去分词由动词+-ed 构成。(二)分词的句法构成 :分词在句中可作定语、状语、表语和补语Do you know the girl standing under the tree? Please hand in your
12、written exercises.The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.The boy is too frghtened to move. Dont keep us waiting for a long time.I heard him singing in the classroom. Hell have his hair cut after school.现在分词作宾补 ,现在分词与宾语构成主动关系；过去
13、分词作宾补 ,过去分词与宾语构成被动关系。五、动词不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1.forget to do sth 忘记去做某事 (事未做) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事已做)2.remember to do sth 记住去做某事 (事未做) remember doing sth 记得做了某事( 事已做3.mean to do sth 打算，想做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做了某事4.stop to do sth 停下来去做（另一件事） stop doing sth 停止做某事5.try to do sth 尽力去做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事
14、6.go on to do sth 接着做（另外一件事） go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做的是同一件事)7.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事8.need to do sth 需要去做某事 (主语是人,表主动) need doing sth 需要做某事(主语是物,表被动) 六、如何判断使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词当句子缺少谓语时，该动词就要使用谓语动词形式（体现时态和语态） ；当句子已有谓语动词且无并列连词时，该动词就用非谓语动词形式。1Mr. Smith told his son the football mat
15、ch because of the exam. （2015 呼和浩特）A.not to watch B.to not watch C.not watching D.doesnt watch2.Sarah, youd better drink more water after for such a long time.（2015 广州）A.run B.runs C.to run D.running3.My parents didnt allow me to the party. （2015 天津）A. go B. to go C. goes D. went2017 年中考英语复习之非谓语动词 第 3 页 共 8 页4.-Its too cold today.Would you mind the window? -Certainly not.Go ahead.(2015 安顺) A.to close B.closing C.close D.closed5.Why not your friends for help when you are in trouble. （2015 安顺）A.ask B.to ask C.asks D.asking6.-So beautiful flowers! I cant decide for my mom.-For Mothers Day, it ca
