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1、摘 要I摘 要随着现代经济和城市生活的发展，电梯成为人们日常生活必不可少的代步工具，电梯性能的好坏对人们生活的影响越来越显著。传统继电器电梯控制系统，由于继电器本身的机械和电磁惯性大，大大降低了电梯系统的可靠性和安全性。为了保证电梯运行既高效节能又安全可靠，必须改进电梯控制方式。根据顺序逻辑控制的需要发展起来的可编程控制器(PLC)，它是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。PLC 处理速度快，可靠性高，能够保证电梯正常、安全、可靠地运行。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了变频调速，不仅能满足乘客的舒适感和保证平稳的精度，还可以降低能耗
2、，节约能源，减小运行费用。本文将基于 PLC 的变频调速方法应用到电梯系统中，并对此方法进行研究。首先，分别阐述了电梯继电器控制和 PLC 控制的特点，突出讲述继电器电梯控制系统暴露的缺点以及 PLC 电梯控制系统所具有的优点，并对电梯的变频调速控制进行了介绍。其次，在阅读了大量国内外相关文件资料的基础上，对电梯技术和电梯设备的发展进行了综述。然后，介绍了变频器类型以及参数设计的相关知识;同时介绍了 PLC 选型原则以及 PLC 控制系统的设计思路;在此基础上，根据电梯系统自身的工作状态要求，进行电梯系统的 PLC 软件开发，通过软件开发的特点，结合 PLC 自身的控制规律，设计出可实现一定功
3、能的 PLC 电梯控制系统。最后的模拟调试结果表明，基于 PLC 的变频调速电梯系统运行效率高，系统安全可靠性强，并且系统构造简单易于实现，满足了对电梯系统期望的要求。关键词:电梯，可编程控制器，变频调速，旋转编码器AbstractIIAbstractAlong with the development of modern economy and city life, the elevator has become a essential walking tool for people in daily life, and the performance of elevators obviou
4、sly influences peoples lives. The traditional elevator system based on relay largely decreases the reliability and security since the mechanical and electromagnetic inertia of relay is big In order to ensure the efficiency and reliable securities, the control method of elevator must be changed. The
5、programmable logic controller(PLC),which develops based on sequence logical control, is digital operation electronic device specialized in the industrial application environment. PLC possesses fast process speed and high reliability. Therefore, PLC can be able to ensure the elevator run normally, se
6、curely and reliably. In addition. The drive method of elevators has replaced the DC velocity modulation with frequency control due to the development of AC frequency control of motors. The frequency control not only satisfies the comfort sense of passengers and ensures the stable precision, but also
7、 decreases the loss of power, saves resources and reduces expenses. The frequency control method based on PLC is applied to the elevator system and further researched.Firstly, the essay respectively presents the characteristics of the elevator system based on relay control and PLC control, specially
8、 formulates the defects exposed from relay control system and the advantages of PLC control system, introduces the frequency control of elevators. Secondly, based on reading many domestic and international relative literatures. The development of elevator techniques and elevator devices is overviewe
9、d. And then, the relative knowledge of frequency-converter is introduced; the principle of PLC model election and design scheme of PLC control system are introduced as well. On the basis of these, the PLC software of elevator system is developed according to the working states demands of the elevato
10、r. A elevator system based on PLC control is designed through combining the characteristics of software development and the rules of PLC control. Finally, the analog examination shows the elevator frequency control based on PLC possesses high operational efficiency and strong system security. The sy
11、stem structure is simple and easily realized, and satisfies the demands of the elevator system expected.Key words: Elevator, Programmable Logic Control(PLC), Frequency Conversion & Velocity Adjustment, Revolving Encoder目 录目 录摘要IAbstractII1 绪论11.1 电梯控制系统的发展及特点11.1.1 交流曳引电梯调速方式的发展11.2 了解可编程控制器(PLC)及其在
12、电梯控制中的应用 21.2.1 PLC 的特点 21.2.2 PLC 控制电梯的优点31.2.3 电梯变频调速控制的特点 41.3 课题的来源41.4 课题的主要研究内容52 电梯设备与电梯发展动态62.1 电梯的出现62.2 电梯设备简介62.2.1 电梯的分类62.2.2 电梯的主要参数62.2.3 电梯的安全保护装置72.3 电梯的发展概况82.3.1 电梯技术发展概况82.3.2 电梯发展展望93 调速变频器类型选择及其设计参数 103.1 变频器的分类及选择 103.11 变频器的分类 103.1.2 变频器的类型选择 103.1.3 变频器的规格选择 103.1.4 选择的变频器应
13、满足的条件 103.2 通用变频器简介及选择 113.2.1 通用变频器简介113.2.2 VS 一 616G5 型通用变频器12目 录3.2.3 VS-616G5 型通用变频器电梯调速系统143.2.4 变频器结构及参数设计144 PLC 的选择及其控制系统的硬件开发 164.1 电力调速系统的应用与发展164.2 电机调速系统的设计164.3 异步电机的调速方法及经济技术比较174.4 井道信号系统的设计204.5 电梯控制系统的设计204.6 可编程控制器(plc)的选型 214.7 设计思路214.7.1 电梯控制系统实现的功能214.7.2 点数的分配及机型的选择225 系统软件开发 255.1 电梯的自检状态255.2 电梯的正常工作状态255.3 系统的软件开发过程255.3.1 开关门环节
