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1、1昆明理工大学研究生试卷2012 级硕士研究生 2012-2013 学年上学期综合英语期末试卷(答案必须全部做在答题纸上)考试时间: 授课教师:专业: 学生姓名: 学号:Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the correspon
2、ding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The $ 11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive
3、 thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the Journal of Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The studys author, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of
4、Waterloo and Elain Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre just underlin
5、ing his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In their experiment, Wood,
6、Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students, heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “Im lovable”. Those with low self-esteem didnt
7、feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and f
8、eelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.1. What do we learn from the first parag
9、raph about the self-help industry?2A. It is a highly profitable industry.B. It is based on the concept of positive thinking.C. It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.D. It has yielded positive results.2. According to paragraph 3, if you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einste
10、in, it seems that you are: A. encouraging your friend.B. emphasizing your friends negative thinking.C. invigorating your friend.D. emphasizing your friends positive thinking.3. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A. It is important for people to continually boost their se
11、lf-esteem.B. Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to ones mood.C. Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.D. People with low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.4. According to paragraph 5, positive thinking is helpful to whom? A. a person with l
12、ow self-esteemB. a person with high self-esteemC. a person turning his moods darkerD. a person with forced self-affirmation5. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.B. Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.C. Differen
13、t people tend to have different ways of thinking.D. People can avoid making mistakes through meditation. Passage 2The big identity-theft bust last week was just a taste of whats to come. Heres how to protect your good name. HERES THE SCARY THING about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked la
14、st week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly stole passw
15、ords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and applied for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to d
16、ate, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans have their credit hijacked every year. Its one of crimes biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number-which can often be found on the Web-is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue to fraud, so theres little financial incentive for them to make the ap
