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1、Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineeringdevelopment organization 建设单位design organization 设计单位construction organization 施工单位reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土pile 桩steel structure 钢结构aluminium alloy 铝合金masonry 砌体（工程） reinforced 配筋砌体load-bearing 承重砌体 unreinforced 非配筋砌体permissible stress (a
2、llowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板retaining wall 挡土墙finish 装修finishing material 装修材料ventilation 通风natural 自然通风mechanical 机械通风diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙villa 别墅moment of inertia 惯性矩torque 扭矩stress 应力 normal 法向应力 shear 剪应力strain 应变age hardening 时效硬化air-conditioning system 空调系统(air)
3、void ration（土）空隙比albery 壁厨，壁龛almery 壁厨，贮藏室anchorage length 锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural area 建筑面积architectural design 建筑设计fiashing 泛水workability (placeability) 和易性safety glass 安全玻璃tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass 泡沫玻璃asphalt 沥青felt (malthoid)
4、 油毡 riveted connection 铆接welding 焊接screwed connection 螺栓连接oakum 麻刀，麻丝tee 三通管tap 存水弯esthetics 美学formwork 模板（工程）shoring 支撑batching 配料slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工lfit-slab construction 升板法施工mass concrete 大体积混凝土terrazzo 水磨石construction joint 施工缝honeycomb 蜂窝，空洞，麻面piled foundation 桩基deep found
5、ation 深基础shallow foundation 浅基础foundation depth 基础埋深pad foundation 独立基础strip foundation 条形基础raft foundation 筏基box foundation 箱形基础BSMT=basement 地下室lift 电梯 electric elevatorlift well 电梯井escalator 自动扶梯Poissons ratio 泊松比 Youngs modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量 Esafety coefficient 安全系数fatigue fa
6、ilure 疲劳破坏bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋reinforced concrete two-way slabs 钢筋混凝土双向板single way slab 单向板window blind 窗帘 sun blindwind load 风荷载curing 养护watertight concrete 防水混凝土white cement 白水泥separating of concrete 混凝土离折 segregation of co
7、ncrete mortar 砂浆 joint 灰缝pilaster 壁柱fire rating 耐火等级fire brick 耐火砖standard brick 标准砖terra cotta 琉璃瓦mosaic 马赛克ceramic mosaic 陶瓷锦砖，马赛克， ceramic mosaic tileceramic tile 瓷砖rubble wall 毛石墙marble 大理石,大理岩granite 花岗石,花岗岩ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate 房地产reinforcement bar 钢筋 veinforcement meal,
8、reinforcing bar, reinforcing steelreinforcement cover 混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing meshreinforcing ratio 配筋率 reinforcement percentagereinforcing work 钢筋工程residential building 居住建筑rigid foundation 刚性基础roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面 ; roof board 屋面板; roof garden 屋顶花园roof live load 屋面活荷载rustic terrazzo 粗面水磨
9、石，水刷石sand cushion 砂垫层saw-tooth skylight 锯齿形天窗scaffold 脚手架sill 窗台silty soil 粉质土single door 单扇门double door 双扇门single reinforcemen 单筋 tsliding door 推拉门sliding window 水平推拉窗staircase 楼梯间stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手stair step 楼梯踏步stair string (er)楼梯梁stair clearance 楼梯净空高度 stair headroomsteel forms 钢模板store r
10、oom 贮藏室structural drawings 结构图 soft substratum 软弱下卧层sun louver 遮阳板supporting block 支座supporting layer 持力层tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋 tensile steel, tension reinforcementterrace roof 平屋顶thermal insulation 隔热through ventilation 穿堂风timber structure 木结构 wood structuretoilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池tracing paper 描图纸l
11、awn 草坪treatment of elevation 立面处理drawing board 绘图板triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验tubular steel scaffolding 钢管脚手架uniformly distributed load 均布荷载unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar 螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽valley 天沟ventilating skylight 通风天窗waterproof barrier 防水层 aquatardTerzaghi bearing capacity theory 太沙基承载力理
12、论Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理foundation pressure 基底压力span 跨度specific gravity 比重quicklime 生石灰,氧化钙hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰hydration 水化作用plaster of Paris 熟石膏portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥portland blastfurnace slag cement 矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement 粉煤灰 (硅酸盐)水泥portland-p
13、ozzolana cement 火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture 发泡剂retarding admixture 缓凝剂water-reducing agent 减水剂air-entrained agent 加气剂slump 坍落度water-cement ratio 水灰比 w/carchitectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective 建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图architectural specifications 建筑规范architectural working
14、drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch 建筑草图arc welding 电弧焊stress concentration 应力集中multi storied building 多层建筑settlement of foundation 地基沉降tensile strength 抗拉强度compressive strength 抗压强度bending strength 抗弯强度construction material 建筑材料 building materialcontinuous beam 连续梁tower crane 塔式起重机,塔吊SPT=standard pene
15、tration test 标准贯入度试验wall between two windows 窗间墙stability 稳定性stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图damp-proof coating 防潮层osmosis 渗透osmotic co-efficient 渗透系数osmotic pressure 渗透压力finite element method 有限单无法finite-difference method 有限差分法finite slice method 条分法deformation 变形displacement
16、 位移allowable bearing capacity 容许承载力total and differential settlement 总沉降量和沉降差Mohrs circle of stress 摩尔应力圆snow laod 雪(荷)载bent reinforcement bar 弯起钢筋bent steel 弯起钢筋bent-up bar 弯起钢筋bid 投标，标书bid call 招标bid opening 开标bidding sheet 标价单bid price 出价，投标价格binding reinforcement 绑扎钢筋blocking course 檐口墙，女儿墙 parapet (wall)bloodwood 红木 redwoodbrick lintel 砖砌过梁brick masonry structure 砖石结构BRKT =bracket 牛腿building height 建筑高度building industrialization 建筑工业化buildin
