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1、1高中英语必修 2 （北师大版）Unit 4 cyberspace 知识点总结一知识点总结重点词汇1.词义辨析：1.1. likely/possible/probable三者都可以表示“ 可能的”，possible 可能性最小，probable 可能性最大，但用法不同。单词 主语 用法likely 人/物/it sb. be likely to do sth.It is likely + that 从句possible it It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.It is possible +that 从句probable it It is probable
2、+that 从句因此，“我们学英语时可能会犯错” 可以表述为：We are likely to make mistakes when learning English.=It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English.=It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English. 1.2. affect/effect/influence 这些动词均含“ 影响” 之意，但在词性和意义上有差别。单词 词性 意义affect vt. 主要
3、指一时的影响。effect n.（可数或不可数） 主要指一时的影响，have an effect on 意为“对有影响 ”。influencevt.& n.（通常不可数，但有时可连用不定冠词）主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响，have an influence on 意为“对有影响 ”。Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure. 饮食和运动都对血压有影响。What you read has an influence on your thinking.你读的东西对你的思想有影响。1.3. as well as/as well 二
4、者都表示“ 也” ，但在词性上有差别。短语 含义 词性as well as “也”，“不仅而且”连词as well “也” 副词，大致相当于 also 或 tooShe is my friend as well as my doctor.他不仅是我的医生，也是我的朋友。He can speak Chinese as well.他也会说中文。1.4. be known for/be known as/be known to 三者的含义不同，具体区别如下：短语 含义 介词后的搭配be known as 作为而出名as 后接表示主语身份的词be known for 因而出名for 后接表示特征、品质
5、之类的词be known to 为所知的to 后接表示人的名词或代词George is known as a successful banker.乔治作为成功的银行家而出名。Guilin is known for its beautiful scenery. 桂林因风景优美而闻名。She is known to everyone in the college.他在学院里人人皆知。2.核心词汇：2.1. average： adj.平均的，普通的 n. 平均数 on average：平均，平均来说over/below average：高于 /低于平均值How long do you spend o
6、n-line on average each time? 你每次平均上网是多少?Her brother is above average in his reading ability. 他的阅读能力在平均水平以上。2.2. focus on sth.：集中注意力在某事 The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。2.3. in chaos：混乱不堪 After the failure of the electricity supplies, the city was in chaos.电力供应中断，城市陷于混乱之中。
7、2.4. fancy doing sth.：想做某事，喜欢做某事 I dont fancy going home alone at night.我不喜欢晚上一个人回家。2.5. be located +介词：坐落于 The new college will be located in the suburbs. 这所新建的学院将设在郊区.Their factory is located at the foot of the mountain. 他们的工厂坐落在山脚下。2.6. do harm to sb./sth.：对 有害 Excessive drinking did harm to his
8、health.过量饮酒损害了他的健康。2.7. as if：好像 as if=as though，可在 look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。He looked as if / though he was ill. 他看起来似乎生病了。as if 可引导方式状语从句。I remember the whole thing as if / though it happened yesterday.我记得整个事情，就似乎它是发生在昨天一样。2.8. touch 词组 get in touch with sb.：与某人取得联系keep/stay in touch with sb. ：与某人保持
9、联系lose touch with sb. ：与某人失去联系Do write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you.多多写信给我，我不希望与你失去联系。22.9. be up to be up to sth：做，从事于，胜任John was dismissed, because he was not up to the task. 约翰被解雇了，因为他不胜任这份工作。be up to sb. ：由某人决定Its up to you to decide where to go. 去哪儿由你决定。2.10. in
10、 the flesh：本人 I have corresponded with him for some years, but I have never met him in the flesh.我已和他通信联系好几年了，但一直未与他本人见过面。3.一词多义：3.1. view n. 景色；观点 vt. 观看；看待 In your view, who is right for the job?在你看来，谁适合这份工作？（in ones view ：在 看来）We can view the problem in many ways.（view ：看待）我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。3.2. ha
11、ng on 1.(电话用语 )别挂断Hang on a minute while I look it up.电话别挂断，我查一下。2. (面对困难或阻力) 坚持不懈，不泄气Its hard work but if you hang on youll succeed in the end. 这是件困难的工作，但如你坚持不渝，最后是能成功的。4.阅读必备词汇 ： concept n. 观念；概念chart n. 图；图表artificial adj. 虚假的；人造的；人为的climate n.气候global adj. 全球的global warming 全球变暖virtual adj.（通过计算
12、机软件）模拟的，虚拟的reality n. 现实；事实virus n. 病毒rapidly adv. 迅速地growth n. 增加；成长pessimistic adj. 悲观（主义）的crime n. 罪行；犯罪hacker n. 黑客terrorist n. 恐怖主义者attack n.&vt. 袭击chaos n. 混乱，杂乱，紊乱crash n.&vi.&vt. 撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃optimistic adj. 乐观（主义）的entertainment n. 娱乐disappear vi. 不见；消失obvious adj. 显然的，显而易见的destruction n. 毁坏mi
13、litary adj. 军事的，军用的scientific adj. 科学的nuclear adj. 原子能的project n. 课题；方案；工程reject vt. 拒绝arrangement n. 安排destination n. 目的地flesh n. 肉，肉体historical adj. 历史的pack vt. 打包dip vt. 浸tourism n. 旅游业guide n. 指南；导游 vt. 指导settle vi. 定居settlement n. 定居地central adj. 中央的regular adj. 定期的，规则的location n. 位置，场所material
14、 n. 材料officially adv. 正式地scenery n. 景色attractive adj. 吸引人的come true （梦想等）实现重点句型1. In 1983, there were only 200 computers connected to the Internet; now there are around 50 million and this growth is clearly going to continue. 解析：本句是由分号连接的两句话，第二句话为 and 连接的并列句，第一句话中过去分词connected to the Internet 做后置定语，
15、修饰 computers。翻译：1983 年，只有 200 台计算机联网，现在有大约 5000 万并且还在持续增长。拓展：过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成。也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。如：fallen leaves 落叶 ；retired workers 退休工人； the risen sun 升起的太阳 。2. “In the next few years,” says Angela Rossetto of Cyberia magazine, “it is clear that we
16、 are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet. 3解析：本句的直接引语中采用了主语从句，it 做形式主语，that 引导主语从句。这种句型可以表达为：It is +adj.+that 从句。翻译：网络世界杂志的安吉拉罗塞托说：“ 显然，未来几年中我们会看到网上购物迅猛发展。”拓展：it 做形式主语的句型还有：1. It is+n. +that2. It is+v-ed +that3. She also believes that, in the future, we will get entertainment from the Net and that television will probably disappear. 解析：本句主句为：she also believes.，后接 and 连接的两个宾
