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1、John F. KennedyInaugural1 AddressFriday, January 20, 1961Guide to ReadingOn January 20, 1961, on the newly renovated2east front of the United States Capitol building, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was inaugurated3as the 35th president of the United States. As the youngest 1 1. 就职(典礼)的；就任的 2. 开幕的，落成(仪式)的 3
2、. 开始的；创立的；首次的2 If someone renovates an old building, they repair and improve it and get it back into good condition. 修复; 整修；翻修；修理 The couple spent thousands renovating the house.这对夫妻花了几千元来整修房子。3 When a new leader is inaugurated, they are formally given their new position at an official ceremony. 为 举
3、行就职典礼，使正式就任 The new president will be inaugurated on January 20th.新总统将在 1 月 20 日正式就任。candidate ever elected to the presidency 4and the countrys first Catholic president, Kennedy declared that “the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.”In order to understand the speech, we need to f
4、ocus on5 the following points: the background, the purpose, and the occasion. What was the background against which the speech was delivered? Domestically, Kennedy won the election with a narrow margin6, only 18,574 more popular votes7 than Republican candidate Richard Nixon. Besides, Kennedy was yo
5、ung and Catholic. So he needed to convince the country he was capable of leadership and could unite the country. 4 The presidency of a country or organization is the position of being the president or the period of time during which someone is president. (某国、某组织的) 最高职位; 最高职位任期；总统(或董事长、会长、大学校长等)的职位(或
6、职务、任期)He is a candidate for the presidency of the organization.他是该组织最高职位候选人。5集中注意力于，把集中于上 He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on one thing for longer than five minutes.他发现他很难把他的注意力集中在一件事情上超过五分钟。6 A measure, quantity, or degree of difference 差数，差额：尺度、数量或程度上的不同 a margin of 500 votes 五百张选票的差额7 直接投票,
7、 普选; 全体选民投票; electoral vote美国英语(美国总统选举中)选举团的选票Externally, in the space competition, the United States seemed to be lagging behind after the Soviet Union launched two sputniks8into orbit in 1957. U.S.Soviet relations were at a low ebb9 after the U-2 spy plane incident and the aborted Paris summit10in
8、 1960. The national liberation movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America were on the rise11. The Cuban Revolution led by Fidel Castro triumphed in 1959.Against such a domestic and international background, Kennedys speech was designed12to convince and to persuade. Kennedy wanted to convince the Am
9、erican people and the world that the President and his team were capable of leadership, with vigor13and with vision14. He needed to persuade the allies to stand with15 the United States, as well as to persuade newly independent countries and other poor Third World countries that the new administrati
10、on would be 8 (苏联 )人造地球卫星9 处于衰退状态；处于低潮；衰微，不振10 最高级会议 会谈 11 (价格等)在上涨，在上升；(数字、数量等)在增加，在增长12 To have as a goal or purpose; intend 企图，打算：以为目的；打算13 活力14远见; 眼力15同. 一致 ; 和.站在一起friendly to them. Further16Kennedy hoped to persuade the Soviet Union and the other Warsaw Pact countries that the new administrati
11、on bore them no ill-will and wanted to work with them for peace and prosperity. Presidential inauguration17is a solemn occasion which requires a formal speech. Hence the employment18of pseudo-Roman and biblical language to add solemnity. The occasion also demands that the speech should be short, for
12、ceful and appealing to19 emotion. Hence the speech uses parallel structure20, antithesis21and 16另外，此外，而且17 inauguration 就职；就职典礼18运用，使用，利用19appeal to 诉诸；求助于20 Parallel structure is an important element of proper writing. Words, phrases and clauses should all be parallel when linked together in a seri
13、es or connected with coordinating conjunctions. Combinations and patterns of words should all agree with the subject. However, many native speakers and ESL learners are left wondering what parallel structure is, and how can this technique be used in everyday writing? What is Parallel Structure? Sing
14、le words, multi-word phrases and clauses can be made parallel by ensuring each item is equal. Examples of parallel structure include multiple gerunds or ing verbals that function as nouns, past participles, infinitive phrases (to be) and complete clauses that include a subject and predicate. Never m
15、ix and match when using parallel anaphora22and includes the memorable statement structure to create a list or series. Here is an example of parallel structure paired with a non-parallel construction. Not parallelOn his day off, he did this, this and did that.ParallelOn his day off, he did this, this
16、 and that.Not ParallelJoel packed sneakers, sweatpants and put in three pairs of socks.ParallelJoel packed sneakers, sweatpants and three pairs of socks.Not ParallelMary likes hiking, biking and to go running.ParallelMary likes hiking, biking and running.Mary likes to go hiking, to go biking and to go running.Mary likes to go hiking, biking and running.Not ParallelThe salesman said the car was fast, sporty and didnt use a lot of gas.ParallelThe salesman sai
