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1、高中英语语法通霸 3. 句子结构和成分 句子分类简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。习习 1. 简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 。如：He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.（画线部分为并列谓语，只有一个主语，仍 为简单句。）改错：It not only costs little money but also co
2、mfortable.答案与解析：第一个谓语是实义动词，第二个是系表结构，应带 be，因此要在 also 前加 is。习习 2. 并列句（参看 P.159Error! Reference source not found.）改错：. He likes English, his English is very good. . His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. 当一个句子中含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号 连 接两个简单句是错误的。这时我们可以用 and, but, or 等并列 连词来连接这两个句子；也可以用分号（;）来
3、连接。此 时， 这两个简单句（此时也可称作分句）之间是并列关系，不能 说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分。用并列连词或分号连接起来的句子是并列句。上两句可以改为：. He likes English；his English is very good. (用分号连接)He likes English, so/and his English is very good. His wife was ill; he had to stay at home. (用分号连接)His wife was ill, so/and he had to stay at home.习习 3. 复合句A. 用从属连词连接
4、的句子是复合句。还先看上面的两个错句：. He likes English, his English is very good. . His wife was ill, he had to stay at home. 我们还可以用从属连词来连接。这 两句话可改为：. Because he likes English, his English is very good.When he likes English, his English is very good. Because his wife was ill, he had to stay at home.When his wife was
5、 ill, he had to stay at home.先看第一个句子。当用 because 连 接时，译为“因为他喜欢英语，（所以）他的英 语非常好 ”。主要说的是“他的英语非常好”，“他喜 欢英语” 是他英语 好的原因。因此：“his English is very good”是主句， “because he likes English” 是原因状语从句。QQ329950885当用 when 连接时，译为“当他喜欢英语时，他的英 语非常好” 。 主要 说的是“ 他的英语非常好”，“他喜欢英语”是他英语好的时间。因此，“his English is very good”是主句，“when
6、he likes English” 是时间状语从句。同理，句修改后，前面分别为原因状 语从句和时间状语从句，后面是主句。像上面这样，用从属 连词连接两个 简单句之后，一个句子是主要的（主句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样 构成的句子称为复合句。B. 当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。从 词或词组升级后的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子是复合句。 The boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。 ）The boy who is wearing a hat is my bro
7、ther.（当 over there 变为 who is wearing a hat 时，句子就含有两个主谓结构，一个是 The boy is my brother，是主句；who is wearing a hat 是 the boy 的定语，称 为定语从句。who 既作从句成分，又起着从属连词 的作用。 ） I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。 ）I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my homework 是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一
8、个主 谓结 构作前一个的时间状语，是时间状 语从句。因此本句是复合句，when 是从属连词。 ） It is wrong. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句。 ）What he said is wrong.（what he said，是一个主 谓结构。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构，What he said 作主语， is wrong系表结构作谓语，因此，本句是复合句。 What he said 是主语从句；what 既作从句成分又起着从属 连词的作用）从上面这几个句子，我 们可以看出：C. 一个句子如果含有从句，如名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
9、语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等，这 个句子就是复合句。 1. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the
10、 evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy coun
11、try music.11. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm.12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in th
12、e north where it is colder they grow wheat.15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.习习 4. 引导的是什么从句，不 仅要根据 连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别 2. 说出下列复合句中，where 引导的是什么从句。1. You can find it where you left it.（ ）2. Tell me the address where he lives.（ ）3. I dont know where he comes from.（
13、）4. Where he was born is not known yet.（ ）5. This place is where they once lived.（ ）习习 5. 一个句子有两个主 谓结构 时，要 考虑它们之间的连接问题直接用逗号连接的两个简单句是错误的。一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是简单句了，要么是并列句，要么是复合句。这时我们就要考虑连接词的问题。 这时，我们有三种方法来改正这个错句：A. 改为并列句：我们可以使用 and, so, but 等并列连词来把它们连接起来；或者把逗号改为分号。B. 改为复合句：加上从属连词，把其中的一个分句改为状语从句、定语从句或名
14、词性从句。C. 改为简单句：把其中的一个主谓结构的谓语破坏掉，从而使其变成独立主格结构。 （参看 P. 119）I like English, my English is very good. 可以改为：并列句：I like English and my English is very good. I like English, so my English is very good.I like English; my English is very good.复合句：As/Because I like English, my English is very good.（含有原因状语从句的复合
15、句）When I like English, my English is very good.（含有时间状语从句的复合句）简单句：I liking English, my English is very good. (把一个分句改为独立主格结构)再如：I have a house, its windows are very big. 可以改为：并列句：I have a house and/but its windows are very big. I have a house; its windows are very big.复合句：I have a house, whose windows
16、 are very big. (含有定语从句的复合句)简单句：I have a house, its windows very big. (后面为独立主格结构)习习 6. 两个分句一般只用一个 连词用了“ 因为 （because, as, since 等）”不用 “所以(so)”；用了“虽 然(although, though)”不用“ 但是（ but）”。改错：Because I like English, so I am good at it.Although he is not intelligent, but he does well in all his subjects.答案： 第一句去 so；第二句去 but。注意：有时 so, but 和 and 等词可以用在第一个分句句首，实际 上是和前面所 说的相联系，而不是连接后一个分句。如：So if you dont like it, you can give up.因此，如果你不喜欢，你可以放弃。And
