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1、第九篇 An Essential Scientific ProcessAll life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But thats not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of
2、 the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live.The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and ca
3、rbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chloroph
4、ylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose.Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of
5、the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most pla
6、nts close. Water loss stops.If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earths atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet.词汇：nutrient n.营养物organism n.生物体，有机体carbon di
7、oxide n.二氧化碳chloroplast n.叶绿体molecule n.分子vapor n.水蒸气oxygen n.氧气photosynthesis n.光合作用chlorophyll n.叶绿素glucose n.葡萄糖cease v.停止注释：1.Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。练习：1.In the first paragraph，the word “excess” meansAheavy.Bextra.Cgreen.Dliquid.2.Which of the following does not move through a
8、 plants stomata?ACarbon dioxide.BWater vapor.COxygen.DFood.3.In the title, the term Essential Scientific Process refers toAphotosynthesis.Bthe formation of glucose.Cglobal warming.Dwater getting to the roots of plants.4.This passage is primarily developed byAexplaining a process.Btelling a story.Cco
9、mparing and contrasting.Dconvincing the reader of plants importance.5.Another good title for this passage would beAOxygen and Carbon Dioxide.BPlants and Their Roots.CHow Photosynthesis Works.DWhy Our Earth Needs Water.答案与题解：1.B前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生
10、物体的生存是至关重要的。excess 在句中的意思是“ 超额的”，与 extra“额外的”意思相近。2.D从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是 food“养分、食物”，因此该题选 D 项。3.A文章通篇都在讲 Photosynthesis，即光合作頌钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了 Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet，因此选 A 项。B 项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D 项则毫不相干。4.A文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过
11、程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。D 项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。5.C文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项 C。A 、B 项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D 项与本文无关。第五篇 A Record-Breaking RoverNASAs Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone beforeat least in terms of distance. _1_On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian grou
12、nd, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holdera Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Explora
13、tion Rover Project Manager._2_ “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”OPPORTUNITYThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission
14、expected to last 3 months. _3_Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic
15、 and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. _4_MARATHON ROVERThe rover doesnt seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. _5_Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Val
16、ley could hold clues to Marss ancient environment1. Opportunitys continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.词汇：Mars rover n. 火星车panoramic adj. 全景的odometer n. 里程计rack up v. 积累microscopic adj. 微观的注释：1.could hold clues to Marss ancient environment：含有与火星早期环境有关的线索。练习：AIt has also provided scientists with data on the plane
