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1、怎样写好英语段落（二）段落发展的手段及结尾段的写法在上一讲我们讲了主题句，推展句的写法；这一讲我们要进一步来谈一谈段落发展的几种手段以及结尾段的写法。段落发展的几种手段1 列举法(details)作者运用列举法，是通过列举一系列的论据对 tpi sentene 中摆出的论点进行广泛、全面地陈述或解释，列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间等进行。esterda as ne f thse aful das fr e hen everthing I did ent rng First, I didnt hear alar l and arrived late fr r Then,
2、I didnt read diar prperl and frgt t get t an iprtant eeting ith bss During the ffee brea, I drpped ffee up and spilt ne sirt At lunh tie, I left purse n a bus and lst all the ne that as in it After lunh, bss as angr beause I hadnt gne t the eeting Then I didnt ntie a sign n a dr that said “et Paint”
3、 and s I spilt aet t hen I gt he I uldnt get int flat beause I had left e in ffie S I bre a ind t get in and ut hand根据本段主题句中的关键词组 everthing I did ent rng，作者列举了 8 点内容，分别由 first, then, during the ffee brea, after lunh tie 等连接词语引出，使得该文条理清楚、脉络分明、内容连贯。常用于列举法的过渡连接词有：fr ne thing , fr anther, finall, beside
4、s, rever, ne anther , still anther, first, send, als 等。2 举例法(exaple)作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容，严格地讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者观点，且事例可多可少。我们来看下面这个用举例法展开的段落。There are an different frs f exerises t suit different tastes Fr exaple, thse h en petitive sprts a tae up ball gaes
5、Fr anther exaple, if the prefer t exerise alne, the an have a run r tae a al in the rning r in the evening Besides, peple an g siing in the suer and g sating in the inter In shrt, n atter hat their interests are, peple an alas find re than ne sprts that are suitable t the本段采用了三个事例来说明主题句中的关键词组 differ
6、ent frs f exerises，这三个例子分别由连接词 fr exaple, fr anther exaple 和 besides 引出，最后由引导的结尾句总结全段内容。举例法中常用的连接词有：fr exaple (instane), ne exaple is, besides, furtherre, rever, in additin 等。3 叙述法(narratin)叙述法发展段落主要是按照事物本身的时间或空间的排列顺序，通过对一些特有过渡连接词的使用，有层次分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作手段。用这种方法展开段落，作者能够清楚连贯地交待事物的本末，从而可以使读者可以清晰、完整地理解文章
7、的含义，例如：In the flat ppsite, a an heard the nise utside hen she led ut thrugh the ind, she disvered that her neighbr as threatened b sene She iediatel alled the plie statin In anser t the all, a patrl plie ar arrived at the sene f the rie quil Three plieen ent inside the flat at ne, and thers guarded
8、utside the building t prevent anne fr esaping这段是按照事物发展的先后顺序，叙述从发现案情、报警、到警察赶到、包围现场的过程。全文脉络清晰，叙述的层次感强，结构紧凑。常用于叙述法中的过渡连接词有：first, an the beginning, t start ith, after that, later, then, afterards, in the end, finall 等。4 对比法或比较法(parisn ntrast)将同类的事物按照某种特定的规则进行比较分析是一种常用的思维方法。通过对比，更容易阐述所述对象之间的异同和优缺点，例如： T
9、he heart f an eletrni puter lies in its vauu tubes, r transistrs Its eletrni iruits r a thusand ties faster than the nier ells in the huan brain A prble that ight tae a huan being a lng tie t slve an be slved b a puter in ne inute 在这段文字上， 作者为了突出电子计算机运行速度之快，首先将它与人脑进行了比较， “- a thusand ties faster than
10、 -” ;而后，又将这一概念具体到了 “a prble”上，通过对比使读者从 “- a lng tie - in ne inute”上有更加直观的认识。常用于对本法或比较法上的过渡连接词有：than, pared ith 等。 分类法(lassifiatin)在阐述某一概念的段落中，常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类，分别加以叙述，使读者有更为清晰的认识，如： Ever sine huans have lived n the earth, the have ade use f varius frs f uniatin Generall, this expressin f thug
11、hts and feelings has been in the fr f ral speeh hen there is a language barrier, uniatin is aplished thrugh sign language in hih tins stand fr letters, rds and ideas Turists and the peple unable t hear r spea have had t resrt t this fr f expressin an f these sbls f hle rds are ver vivid and exat and
12、 an be used internatinall; spelling, hever, annt Bd language transits ideas r thughts b ertain atins, either intentinall r unintentinall A nd signifies apprval, hile shaing the head indiates a negative reatin ther frs f nnlinguisti language an be fund in signal flags, rse de, and piture signs 在该段中为了
13、说明 tpi sentene 中的 “varius frs f uniatin”，作者将其分为 ral speeh, sign language, bd language 及 ther frs f nnlinguisti language，并逐加阐述。采用这种方法的段落并没有标志突出的连接词，所述各项均为平行并列关系，所以没有明显的主次之分。6因果分析法(ause and effet)在阐述某一现象的段落中，常采用因果分析法。例如： The rle f en in tdas siet is hanging ne reasn is that en have begun t assert thes
14、elves as independent peple thrugh the ens veent Als, en are aare f the alternatives t staing at he Anther reasn is that inreasing nubers f en h enter ne fields and interests serve as rle dels fr ther en rever, en are being re nsius f the abilities f en and have begun t vie their independene psitivel
15、 本段中，主题句提出了一种社会现象，推展句则对产生这种现象的原因作出各种解释。 常用于因果分析法的连接词有： beause, s, as a result 等。7 定义法(definitin)在科普文章的写作中，定义法是必不可少的。通过下定义，可以使读者对该事物有一个更直接的认识。 Autatin refers t the intrdutin f eletrni ntrl and autatin peratin f prdutive ahiner It redues the huan fatrs, ental and phsial, in prdutin, and is designed t
16、ae pssible the anufature f re gds ith feer rers The develpent f autatin in Aerian industr has been alled the “Send Industrial Revlutin” 这一段文字使我们了解了 “autatin” 和 “Send Industrial Revlutin” 两个概念，分别由 “refers t” 和 “been alled” 引出。常出现在定义法中的词语有：refer t, ean, all 等。8 重复法(repetitin)句子的一部分反复出现在段落中，这就是重复法。它往往造成一种步步紧逼的气氛，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力。比如： Sine that tie, hih is far enugh aa fr n, I have ften thught that fe peple n hat sere there is in the ung, unde
