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1、湖北学位英语复习资料语法重点：从句名词性从句应当注意的问题：1主语从句1）单个名词性分句充当主语时，全句谓语用单数形式；但是当两个由 and 连接的名词性从句作主语并表示两件事情时，谓语动词用复数Whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remains a mystery to us.2）若主语从句中逻辑意义完整并且基本句子成分齐备，则须在句首使用连接词 that，该词无意义；若缺差主/宾/表等名词性成分，则根据需要选择 what/whic
2、h/who/whom 等That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.What crime he has done is quite clear.3）从句作主语时为保持句子平衡，可用 it 作形式主语，而将从句置于句末，其中 that 可省略It isnt surprising (that) he should have married her.2宾语从句1）宾语从句后跟有补语，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将从句放在补语之后，其中 it 无意义She has made it clear that she will hav
3、e nothing to do with him.I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed.2）that-从句一般不可以直接用作介词宾语，但是可以用在 in, except, save, besides 和 but 之后，多已形成固定用法。in that(因为) ，except that (除了) ，but that(要不是), save that(除了)，besides that(除了)I like the city in that I have many friends there.He is a good student ex
4、cept that he is occasionally careless.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.3）当主句谓语为 assume, believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think 等表示“认为” ， “猜想”动词时，其后的宾语从句若带有否定意义，通常应将否定词前移至主句谓语上I dont think that you two met before.I dont suppose that anyone will object to the
5、 plan.3表语从句主语是 reason 的表语从句须用 that 引导，不要误用 because 引导The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.The reason why I didnt go to Canada was that I got a new job.4同位语从句同位语从句具体说明被其修饰限制的名词的实际内容。常见的可接同位语从句的名词有：announcement, belief, conclusion, discovery, doubt, evidence, fact, guarantee, hope, idea, k
6、nowledge, news, order, proposal, question, rumor(流言), statement, story, suggestion, thought(想法), understanding (理解)。其引导词常用 that，根据逻辑意义也可选用 whether, what, who, how, why, where。但决不能使用which。Her suggestion that we send some people to help them is adoptable.Next comes the question what you want it for.I
7、have no idea where she came from.形容词性从句/定语从句应当注意的问题：1以下情况只能用关系代词 that 引导，不能使用 which；1）当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时They are talking about the people and countries that they have visited.The passengers and parcels that filled the car were mixed.2）当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much,
8、 none, few, a few 等不是定代词时 Everything that he said seemed quite reasonable.Much that I learned in the book is very useful.3）当先行词被形容词最高级，序数词（包括 the last）和 no, every, some, any ,only, much 等限定词修饰时This is the most interesting film that has been produced in recent years.This the only thing that we can do
9、 now.The last student that stood up was Joe.2以下情况只能用关系代词 which, 不能使用 that：1）在非限定性定语从句中，引导词只能用 which 和 who/whom, where, when 等；而且引导词在从句中作宾语时不能省略。Steel, which has many useful properties, is widely used in the machine-building industry.The shed in our garden, which my father built many years ago, has l
10、asted for a long time.2）和介词连用构成复合引导词时There are scientific ways in which many solves problems.Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.3Whose 表示所有关系，即可指人的也可指物理学She lives in the house whose door and windows are broken.How many students are there in your class whose parents
11、serve in the government agencies?4关系代词 that/which 和关系副词 when/where/why 的选择：若引导词在从句中担任状语，选用 when/where/why；若作主/ 宾/表语则用 that/whichThis is the place which Ive long wanted to visit. I know of a place where we can swim.This is the reason why I am not in favor of his plan. I cant accept the reason that he
12、 gave.The sports meet will be held next month when the climate is very congenial.This is a great day that I will never forget.5as 引导定语从句既可指人也可指物，通常与 the same, such, so 等连用；还可引导非限定性定语从句，指代整个主句意思或部分内容，位置灵活They need such materials as can bear high temperature and pressure.Mass is not the same thing as
13、weight is.As you can see, weve got a problem with the engine.She was absent, as is often the case.副词性从句/状语从句应当注意的问题：1关联词的多义性资料来源：状语从句中某些引导词具有多义性，可以引导不同状语从句。如：as, since, while, when1）As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of No.13 (时间)As he was not well, I decided to go wit
14、hout him. (原因)Much as I admire Shakespeares comedies, I cant agree that they are superior to his tragedies. (让步)I got up late in the morning so I had to run to the school as quickly as I could.(比较)2）He has been serving for this company since he graduated from the university. (时间)Since the weather is
15、 so bad outside, why dont you stay at home?(原因)3）I saw him while he was going out of the room. (时间)While I like the color of the hat, I dont like its shape. (让步)While there is life, there is hope. (条件)He knew how to answer the question, while I couldnt. (转折)4）When he arrived, I was cooking lunch. (当
16、时)I was about to go out this morning when the telephone rang. (正在这时)2句型“no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen”表示“一就” ，主句中常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时；若把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely 放在句首，使用倒装语序No Sooner had he heard the news than he fainted.Scarcely had he entered the room when the telephone rang.3某些表示时间的副词和名词性词组如 directly, immediately, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the day/year, next time 也可以引导时间状语从句。
