高中课程2 student

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1、 书山有路 优加识途 永不止步优加教育辅导教案学生姓名 性别 年级 Senior 2 学科 English授课教师 Krystal 上课时间 2015 年 9 月 12日 第(2)次课共(4 )次课 课时: 2 课时教学课题 Gammar & Vocabulary 教学目标1. 掌握并熟练冠词语法2. 掌握并熟练英语音标3. 学习课本的知识点4. 讲解并整理上周课后习题的错题教学重点与难点1. 重点:掌握基础语法的知识点2. 难点:音标的拼读和语法的灵活运用Part 1 冠词冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the

2、 Definite Article) ,另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article) ,还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article) 。不定冠词 a (an)与数词 one 同源,是一个的意思。a 用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而 an 则用于元音音素前,一般读做en。一、考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况(1 )专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。如:China, America, Smith(2 )可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。This dictionary is mine.(3 )季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐

3、名称前一般不加冠词。如:March, May Day, National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day /Have you had supper? /Spring is the best season of the year.(4 )称呼语或指家用雇用的 nurse、cook 等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。Whats this, Father? We made him our chairman. Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li.(5 )学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不

4、加冠词。Do you study physics? /He likes playing football/chess.(6 )复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are peasants/ workers.(7 )在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus, by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land但:take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus 需注意。(8 )某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中: husband and wife, brother and siste

5、r, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork介词词组中: 书山有路 优加识途 永不止步to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university(college ),to (in, into, from)church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, mid

6、night), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院(因病) in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等) in front of 在前面,指某物体之外in the front of 在前部,指某物之内in charge 负责,主管 out of question 没问题in the charge 由 负责 out of the question 不可能(9 ) as 引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of

7、 French.(10 )系动词 turn(作“变成 ”解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writer.(11 )在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词(表示“一个接一个” )结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment. 类似的还有:shop after shop, mistake after mistake(12 )no 与 such 连用时应放在 such 之前,such 后面的名词不用冠词

8、。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(13 )never、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。(14 )有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去 a(n)或 the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况(1 )使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专

9、有名词前。(2 )定冠词使用特殊的场合。 He hit him in the face.beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人,穷人,伤 书山有路 优加识途 永不止步员 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two 两者中较年长的一位,较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。by the

10、 yard/the dozen/the month/the year但:by weight 按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代) the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫妇俩) in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home3.不定冠词常用的几种情况(1 )表示“一”相当于“one” 。Ill return in a day or two.(2 )表示“每”相当于“per” 。

11、We have three meals a day.(3 )表示“同一性”相当于 “the same”。The children are of an age. (4 )表示类指,表示“某类 ”。He wants to he a doctor.(5 )表示泛指,相当于“any” 。A horse is a useful animal.(6 )表示某一个,相当于“ a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (7 )与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件” ,如: a pleasure 一件乐事,a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事,a joy

12、一件高兴的事, a pity 一件遗憾的事,an honour 一个(件)经以为荣的人( 事)。(8 )与物质名词连用,表示“一种,一阵、一份” 。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please give me a black coffee!4.冠词表类别的常见方式(1 )定冠词 + 单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2 )不定冠词 + 单数可数名词(表

13、示任意一个,某一个) 。A pen is a tool for writing. 书山有路 优加识途 永不止步A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意:man, woman 表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to be the protector of woman.(3 )可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况) 。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of fo

14、od.5.冠词位置问题(1 )不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。This is a very interesting story.(2 ) such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词 +名词。Ive never seen such a film!Half a pound of pork,please!What a good idea it is!(3 ) as、so、 too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant fin

15、ish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low te price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.(4 )定冠词位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名词He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all 、both、double + the + 名词Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.

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