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1、1Units 5 SemanticsI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American En
2、glish.F2. Sense is concerned with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience, while the reference deals with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.F3. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.T4
3、. In semantics, meaning of language is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experience.F5. Contextuallism is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts.T6. Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a
4、language form as the situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.T7. The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meaning of all its components.F8. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their d
5、egree of formality.T9. “it is hot.” is a no-place predication because it contains no argument.T10. In grammatical analysis, the sentence is taken to be basic unit, but in semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.TII. Fill i
6、n each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1. S emantics_ can be defined as the study of meaning.2. The conceptualist view holds that there is no d_irect_ link between a linguistic form and what it refers to.3. R _eference_ means what a linguistic form refers to
7、in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. Words that are close in meaning are called s_ynonyms_.5. When two words are identical in sound, but different in spelling and meaning, they are called h_omophones_
8、.6. R _elational_ opposites are pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items.7. C_omponential_ analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be divided into meaning components.28. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules
9、called s_electional_ restrictions, which are constrains on what lexical items can go with what others.9. An a _rgument_ is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal element(s) in a sentence.10. According to the n_aming_ theory of meaning, the words in a language are
10、taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.III. Multiple Choice1. Which of the following is NOT the concern of “sense”?BA. It is the study of the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.B. It is the study of what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.C. It is the aspect of mea
11、ning dictionary compliers are interested in.D. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.2. The meaning relationship between the two words “sheep” and “ewe” is _C_.A. Antonymy B. Homonymy C. Hyponymy D. Polysemy3. X: They are going to have another baby.Y: They have a child.The
12、relationship of X and Y is _D_.A. synonymous B. inconsistent C. X entailing Y D. X presupposing Y4. According to the componential analysis, the words “girl” and “woman” differ in the feature of _D_.A. HUMAN B. ANIMATE C. MALE D. ADULT5. According to predication analysis, the predication of the sente
13、nce “It is hot.” is a _A_.A. no-place predication B. one-place predicationC. two-place predication D. three-place predication6. The relationship between “voilet” and “tulip” is _A_.A. co-hyponyms B. superordinate C. hyponyms D. antonyms7. The relationship between “begin” and “commence” is _B_.A. Dia
14、lectal synonyms B. Stylistic synonymsC. Collocational synonyms D. Semantically different synonyms8. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _D_ meaning.A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence9. What is the relationship between the words “color” and “red”? DA. Synonymy B. Antonymy C. Polysemy D. Hy
15、ponymy. 10. “Fall” and “autumn” are _A_ synonyms.A. dialectal B. stylistic C. evaluatively different D. semantically different11. The four major modes of semantic change are _A_.A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation3C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation12. The semantic features of the word “girl” can be expressed as _D_.A. + animate, -huma
