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1、 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！考研英语：2002 翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Almost all our major problems involve human behavior，and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior，but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn
2、.61）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them.62）The behavioral sciences have
3、been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.The environment is obviously important，but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull，it selects，and this function is difficu
4、lt to discover and analyze.63）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago，and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.As the interaction be
5、tween organism and environment has come to be understood，however，effects once assigned to states of mind，feelings，and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions，and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems，however，until it replaces tradi
6、tional prescientific views，and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credi
7、t for his achievements.A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?65）Until these issues are resolved， a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected，and w
8、ith it possibly the only way to solve our problems.二、翻译题解（61）One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatiscalled behavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！句子拆分：拆分点参考：从属连词，谓语动词One difficulty is /that almost al
9、l of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.解析：（1）主干结构是 One difficulty is that.（2）almost all of what is called behavioral science 是表语从句中的主语部分，后面是简单的谓语和宾语结构。词的处理：continues to trace behavior to .继续针对研究行为
10、behavioral science 行为科学states of mind 心态，意识状态feelings 感情traits of character 性格特点技巧点拨：（1）what 和 that 引导的名词性从句直接翻译均可，无需调整顺序。（2）减词法：短语 states of mind（心理状态）、traits of character（性格特征）、human nature（人类本性）均可以采用减词法，分别翻译成两个字的形式：“心态”“性格”“人性”，朗朗上口，符合汉语对仗的习惯。完整译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。（6
11、2）The behavioral scienceshave beenslow to change partlybecausethe explanatory items oftenseemto be directly observed and partlybecauseother kinds of explanationshave beenhard to find.句子拆分：拆分点参考：连词The behavioral sciences have been slow to change/partly because the explanatory items often seem to be d
12、irectly observed and/partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.解析：（1）主句是 The behavioral sciences have been slow to change。（2）and 连接两个并列的原因状语从句：partly because . and partly because .。词的处理：the explanatory items 用以解释的要素、依据（内容，项目）other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式技巧点拨：（1）汉语中习惯前因后果
13、，故原则上本句中的原因状语需要翻译到主句之前；但也有例外，我们可以借助词汇进行处理，用六个字“之所以.是因为（原因是）.”，这样就不需要对原文大动干戈了。 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！（2）被动语态 to be directly observed（直接被观察到），可采用省略“被”字的翻译方法，译为“直接观察到”，这在汉语中与“水可以直接喝”类似，都是用主动的词汇表达被动的意思。（3）两个原因状语从句的主语并列，可以在翻译的时候相互印证借鉴，如explanatory items 翻译成“解释依据”对大多数同学来说难度很大，但是与其并列的other kinds of explanati
14、ons 提示考生 explanatory items 翻译成 explnations 也算正确，因为它们是并列的，意思也应一致。完整译文：行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。（63）The role of natural selection in evolution /was formulatedonly a little more than a hundred years ago, /andthe selective role of the environment in shaping and maintainin
15、g the behavior of the individual/isonly beginning to be recognized and studied.句子拆分：拆分点参考：谓语动词,连词The role of natural selection in evolution/was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, /and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual
16、/is only beginning to be recognized and studied.解析：（1）本句为并列复合句，是由 and 连接的两个简单句构成的。（2）第一个简单句的主干为 the role was formulated；第二个简单句的主干为 the selective role is only beginning to .。词的处理：role 作用in evolution 在演化中，在进化过程中formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证shaping 形成（造就）maintaining 保持，维护recognized 认可，承认技巧点拨：（1）定语前置翻译：in evolution 修饰 natural selection，而 of natural selection 又作定语修饰 the role，因此 role 为主语中心词，将定语前置翻译，译文为“自然选择在进化过程中的作用”。（2）被动语态：按照被动语态的翻译方法，第一个简单句中的 was formulated,处理成
