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1、Chapter 1Land and People一、本章知识点1.重点： Different names for Britain and its parts2.难点、考点： Britains official name British Commonwealth三、课本内容（一）Different names for Britain and its partsStrictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain and England are all geographical names.1. The British Isles are made
2、 up of two large islands and hundreds of small islands. （see map of UK） The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. 2. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of
3、 a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. （UK） capital: LondonThe Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国 has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Brit
4、ain: England, Scotland, and Wales. England is the largest, most populous and richest, so people tend to use “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. 4. The British Empire 大英帝国: one fourth of the worlds people and one fourth of the worlds land area.5. The British Empire gradual
5、ly disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931. The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Common
6、wealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation.如果出简答, 则只需要第一句话.（二）OthersGeographical Features1. The United Kingdom is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The English Channel lie
7、s between Britain and France. （p.4） Taiwan Strait：台湾海峡2. “Chunnel”: channel + tunnel, opened to traffic in 1994. （p.5）Smog: smoke +fogMortel: motor +hotelKidult: kid +adult3. The highest mountain in Britain: Ben Nevis, 1,343m in Scotland. （p.6 ）The longest river: the Severn River （338 km）The second
8、largest and most important river: the Thames River （336 km） （p.7 ） 4. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. （p.11 ）5. The English are Anglo-Saxons 盎格鲁撒克逊人, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts 凯尔特人. （p.12）四、总结 Britains official name British CommonwealthChapter 2The Origins of a N
9、ation （5000 BC AD 1066）一、本章知识点1.重点： Arrival and settlement of the Celts Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons The Viking and Danish invasions King Alfred and his contributions The Norman Conquest and its consequences2.难点、考点： the Anglo-Saxons: Heptarchy 七王国; foundation of the English state K
10、ing Alfred Norman Conquest 三、课本内容（一）Arrival and settlement of the Celts （p.17 ）1. began to arrive about 700 BC2. originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany3. three main waves1st. Gaels 盖尔人, about 600 BC; 2nd. Brythons 布列吞人, 400 BC, （Britain）; 3rd.
11、Belgae 比利其人, 150 BC, （Belgium ）. Gaelic：盖尔语4. The Celtic tribes are ancestors of Highland Scots, the Irish and the Welsh, and their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic. 5. Religion: Druidism: The Celts religion was Druidism. The Druids worshipped and performed their rites in woods by th
12、e light of the moon.6. Roman Britain （55 BC AD 410） p.18: British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation. The Roman capital was London （Londinium）.（二）Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons （p.20-23）1. mid-5th century, thre
13、e Teutonic tribes: Jutes 朱特人 （from southern Denmark）, Saxons, and Angles （both from northern Germany）; Angles were to give their name to the English people.2. Heptarchy 七王国seven principal kingdoms set up by the Anglo-Saxons: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Marcia and Northumbria. （英国版的战国七雄
14、 ）Monarchy：君主制 The Anglo-Saxon tribes 部落 were constantly at war with one another, each trying to get the upper hand, so that the kingdoms were often broken up and often pieced together again. 3. In 829, Egbert 伯特 became an overlord of all the English.4. Teutonic 日耳曼人的 religion: Tiuwar, Wodenheaven,
15、ThorStorms, FreyaPeace5. St. Augustine 奥古斯丁 the first Archbishop of Canterbury.坎特伯雷大教主6. Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state: divide the country into shires（郡）, later counties; the narrow-strip, three-field farming system（三田轮作）; manorial 庄园 system; Witan（议会） （council or meeting of
16、 the wisemen, 贤人会议）, the basis of the Privy Council 枢密院 which still exists today. （三）The Viking and Danish invasions （p.23-24）1. from the end of 8th century, Norwegian Vikings and Danes from Denmark 挪威海盗和丹麦人2. The Danes gained the “Danelaw”（丹麦法区）, the north and east of England. 3. The Witan chose Canute, the Danish Leader, as king in 1016. Canute made England part of a Scandinavian empire. （四）King Alfred and h
