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1、1高中英语高考知识讲义2(一 )高考英语 常用不规则动词 (原形-过去式 -过去分词)一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是 t 或 d.AAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-let set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hithurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spitrid-rid-rid注意：动词 read 的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。二、ABA 有些动
2、词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-run come-came-comebecome-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome三、ABB(含规则动词) 原型 过去式 过去分词 例词 :Keep-kept-kept sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-sleptSell-sold-sold tell-told-told Lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent send-sent-sent build-built-built Say-said-said ,pay-paid-paid ,lay laid
3、-laid Burn-burnt-burnt ,learn-learnt-leant ,mean-meant-meanthave (has)-had-had lose-lost-lost feel-felt-felt stand-stood-stoodsit-sat-sat (babysit) shine-shone-shone find-found-foundhang-hung 悬挂 (hanged 绞死)-hung (hanged) Meet-met-met feed-fed-fed Bring-brought-brought ,buy-bought-bought ,fight-fough
4、t-fought Think-thought-thought catch-caught-caught ,teach-taught-taughtleave-left-left make-made-made spell-spelt-spelt win-won-won hold-held-held hear-heard-heard四ABC 型。原型 过去式 过去分词 例词 Break-broke-broken - steal-stole-stolen Wear-wore-worn , bear-bore-born ,tear-tore-torn Grow-grew-grown ,blow-blew-
5、blown ,know-knew-known ,Throw-threw-thrown ,draw-drew-drawn fly-flew-flownSink-sank-sunk , swim-swam-swum , drink-drank-drunk ,Ring-rang-rung , sing-sang-sung ,begin-began-begun Drive-drove-driven ,rise-rose-risen , , write-wrote-writtentake-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-falleneat-ate-eaten w
6、rite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden rise-rose-risenarise-arose-arisen get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gone3see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed)lie-lay 躺 (lied 说谎)-lain (lied)(二) 高考英语
7、要双写末尾辅音字母加-ed 的动词一个单词最后一个音节是重读闭音节,它就要双写末尾字母再加-ed.常见的有：admit - admitted beg - begged dot - dotted drop - dropped fit - fitted hug - hugged plan - planned pat - patted rid - ridded rob - robbed regret - regretted stop - stopped stir - stirred rub - rubbed whip - whipped refer-referred prefer-preferred
8、 star-starred scar-scarred(三) 高考英语要双写末尾辅音字母加-ing 的动词一般来说 重读闭音节结尾的时候 、以重读闭音节结尾的动词,一般要双写尾字母加-ing, 规则是：在重读闭音节里,末尾只有一个辅音字母,辅音字母前只有一个元音字母时,要双写这个辅音字母如：一般我们经常要用的有sit sitting swim-swimming put-putting get-getting begin-beginning run-running stop-stopping travel-travelling/travel let-letting cut-cutting hit-
9、hittingplan- planning forget-forgetting ,spitting 吐痰, split-splitting 分开, shut-shutting, win-winning, shop-shopping , drop-dropping 摔，掉 plan-planning , dig-digging 挖, prefer-preferring , step-stepping , trip-tripping 绊倒, set-setting, dip-dipping 蘸 mop-mopping 拖, nod-nodding 点头, fit-fitting 适合 regret
10、-regretting 后悔高考英语不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级原级 比较级 最高级good（adj.) better bestwell（adj.and adv.） better bestbad（adj.) worse worstill（ adj.) worse worstbadly（adv.） worse worstmany（adj.and adv.) more mostmuch（adj.and adv.) more mostfar（adj.and adv.) farther ,further farthest, furthestlittle(adj.and adv.) less le
11、astold(adj.) older,elder oldest,eldestlate(adj.) later,latter latest,lastclever(原级) cleverer (比较级) cleverest (最高级)happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)4注意下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级(表示最高程度和绝对状态)empty, wrong ,prefect, unique ,extreme .excellent ,favorite ,true, right ,corre
12、ct, extremely(四) 高考英语不规则名词复数【不规则名词】1）名词复数的不规则变化 child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；Bowman 是姓，其复数是 the Bowmans。2）单复同形 如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，ji
13、n，yuan，two li，three mu， four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a pers on，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the S
14、wiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 如： The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以 s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths， politics，physics 等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具
