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字字珠玑的语言与排山倒海的激情

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字字珠玑的语言与排山倒海的激情摘要:演讲既是一门学问,更是一门艺术1963 年8 月 28 日,美国华盛顿特区组织了一次二十五万人的集会,要求种族平等马丁.路德.金向成千上万的黑人发表了一篇演说《我有一个梦想》 ,该演说一出就成了英语文学的著名篇章,本文从传统修辞学的角度讨论其修辞的使用和效果,以帮助读者更好欣赏这一杰出的经典之作关键词:马丁?路的?金;演讲;修辞演讲既是一门学问,更是一门艺术,是一种整体生命的投入和表现但是有的演讲重“演” ,有的重“讲” 毛泽东的讲话以及他一贯的讲话风格,和周恩来的讲话明显不同列宁的演讲正如斯大林所说,有一种逻辑的强大力量宗教人物的布道往往达到天花乱坠或者单口相声一样的动人心灵的程度卡特和里根这两个竞选美国总统的人的演讲,正好是两种风格的典型1963 年 8 月 28 日,华盛顿特区组织了一次二十五万人的集会,要求种族平等马丁?路德?金向成千上万的黑人发表了一篇演说,演说词立即举世闻名他讲话没有讲话稿,他把自已对前途的看法用充满激情的语言告诉了云集的听众,这就是“我有一个梦想“ 马丁?路德?金(1929―1968 年) ,美国黑人律师,著名黑人民权运动领袖。

深受圣雄甘地不抵抗,非暴力运动的影响一生曾三次被捕,三次被行刺,1964 年获诺贝尔和平奖他主张以怨报德,以爱报恨 美国第一夫人劳拉称金“毕生致力于和平和改革事业” 她说:“我们难以想象没有金的美国历史,他代表真理,他遵照上帝的旨意让美国变得更公平 ” 下面我们一边欣赏原作,一边逐句分析原作中使用的修辞手法1.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation…演讲起始套用亚伯拉罕?林肯 1863 年 11 月 19 日 在美国宾夕法尼亚葛底斯堡的演讲首句句式和用词,Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, (八十七年以前,我们的祖先在这大陆上建立了一个国家,它孕育于自由,并且献身给一种理念,即所有人都是生来平等的 )这种开篇扣人心弦,意味深远表明其思想的继承性.也为后面出现的“一百年后”做时间铺垫。

紧接着是暗喻和明喻 as a great beacon light of hope;一百年前林肯总统签署的用“灯塔的光芒”比喻《解放奴隶宣言》 ;flames of withering injustice; long night of captivity;说明一百年过去了黑人依然在水深火热中煎熬和期盼光明withering injustice 属于修辞中的移就可谓妙语连珠不公正如刀枪利剑,冰雪寒冬摧残人性2. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. 暗喻与对比;exile,corners,lonely island, crippled,languishing 用词起到入木三分的表达效果。

一百年前,一位伟大的美国人签署了解放黑奴宣言,今天……一百年后的今天,黑人仍然生活在物质充裕的海洋中一个穷困的孤岛上一百年后的今天,黑人仍然萎缩在美国社会的角落里,并且,意识到自己是故土家园的流亡者这里运用了比喻和排比、对比的修辞手法 排比:“一百年后的今天”……”一百年后的今天” 暗喻: “把美国社会白人生活的富裕环境”比喻成“海洋” , “把黑人生活的境遇”比喻成“孤岛” 排比手法:一百年前……一百年后……语言 效果:从诺言实现与否作今昔对比黑人现状方面进行理解揭示了黑人当今物质生活依然贫困,精神备受歧视,没有安全感和归宿感的悲惨 现实更能唤起黑人同胞们的斗争激情,使整篇演讲辞语言赋予气势、感染力和启发性,同时增强了号召力和鼓舞力  3. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence,本段运用的修辞手法有 cash a check,fall heir.暗喻;rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness 引用;美国没有履行这项神圣的义务,只是给黑人开了一张空头支票,支票上盖了“资金不足”的戳子后便退了回来。

但是我们不相信正义的银行已经破产,我们不相信,在这个国家巨大的机会之库里已没有足够的储备,这是个非常成功而又通俗的比喻用 “空头支票”比喻“没有实现的承诺” 使语言表现方面极具形象化, “空头支票”是毫无实际意义的东西自从林肯总统签署黑奴解放宣言,表面上黑人在法律上有了和白人一样的生存权,但现实却让人失望在美国这样一个商业社会,空头支票的内涵大家都非常熟悉,用它来作比,形象更容易让人理解4. But it is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, 本段运用的修辞手法暗喻有 Note, a bad check,bankrupt,vaults of opportunity,   5. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.本段运用的修辞手法暗喻有 cash this check;the riches of freedom and the security of justice.6. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquillizing drug of gradualism. 本段运用的修辞手法有 Now is the time 排比与重复tranquillizing drug of gradualism,valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice, doors of opportunity, quick-sands of racial injustice , the solid rock of brotherhood 暗喻;连用五个“现在是……”构成排比句式。

以提醒美国的语气,强调了美国种族隔离、种族歧视已经造成了极其严重的后果,已经到了不能容忍的地步7. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro.用“爽朗的秋天”比喻“自由和平等”用“酷暑”比喻“黑人同胞们的义愤填膺” sweltering summer, invigorating autumn,这种比喻中蕴涵移就8. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. 本段运用的修辞手法有 whirlwinds of revolt,bright day of justice,暗喻;end, beginning 对比9. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 本段运用的修辞手法 warm threshold,thirst for freedom,cup of bitterness and hatred, ,10.We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. 本段运用的修辞手法 majestic heights 暗喻 high plane of dignity and discipline 头韵 physical force with soul force.对比11.The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers…Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside,. 本段运用的修辞手法有 let freedom ring 排比与重复"My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring.”引用Let freedom ring .When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city…本段运用的修辞手法有 from every。

,Free at last!重复与排比,when all of God's 。

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