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1、从动物习语看中西文化差异Abstract Language is a cultural carrier. Culture-loaded vocabulary plays an important role in a language. Different social backgrounds and national cultures have a great effect on the cultural connotations of vocabulary. Animals are friends of human beings. Languages of most nations cont
2、ain a lot of words denoting animals, and so do Chinese and English. Along with the development and progress of human society, many animals are tamed to become domestic animals serving people, and many others have become peoples pets. So animals have become part of peoples life. Animal idioms gradual
3、ly have got their established connotations in all languages. That is, people associate their feelings and emotions, even happenings and natural phenomena with various animals, which are thought to present different characters like people, or serve as symbols. Many animals have become a kind of symbo
4、l in peoples thinking and this symbol is reflected in the language. However, because of different history and culture, the connotations of animal words in one language do not necessarily coincide with those in another because of different outlook of life and concept of beauty in different cultures.
5、This dissertation attempts to compare the similarities and differences of animal idioms, the causes for differences and the translation methods of dealing with cultural differences. Therefore, we can not only better master and use the animal idioms accurately, but also understand the eastern and wes
6、tern cultures, promoting the cross-cultural communication and translation practice. Chapter one is the introduction dealing with the relationship between the language and culture. Chapter two makes a comparison of similarities and differences in animal words meanings of idioms. Owning to the differe
7、nt social backgrounds, customs and religions, differences are bound to appear in animal idioms in both languages. When talking about the differences, I compare the animal terms in Chinese and English idioms according to the connotative meaning, affective meaning and reflected meaning. I also talk ab
8、out the meaning gap in Chinese and in English. Chapter three focuses on the analysis of the causes for the differences from the following aspects: influence of region, influence of convention, influence of religion, influence of history, influence of fables and mythologies and influence of borrowed
9、language and foreign language. Chapter four deals primarily with the methods of dealing with cultural differences from five translation methods: literal translation, free translation, image-shift translation, literal translation plus annotation and literal plus free translation. 【摘 要】 语言是文化的载体，作为文化载
10、体的词汇在语言中扮演重要的角色。不同的社会背景和不同的民族文化对词汇的含义有很大的影响。动物是人类的朋友，包括英语和汉语在内的所有语言中都有很多表示动物的词汇。随着人类社会的进步，很多动物成人类的朋友，为人类服务，也有很多动物还成为人们的宠物。可见动物已经成为人们生活的一部分。动物词汇也逐渐形成特定的涵义，也就是说人们把他们的一些情感，甚至是发生的事件，自然现象都和动物联系起来，认为动物能够表现不同人的个性，或者是表示某些象征。许多动物已经在人们的思维中形成某种象征，并体现在语言当中。然而，由于不同的历史和文化，不同的人生观，以及不同文化的审美观，动 物词汇的内涵意义会因为语言的不同而不同。
11、本文就中英动物习语的异同的论述，引起中西文化差异的成因和翻译上如何处理文化差异的方法三点进行比较，使我们能够更加准确、更加形象地使用动物习语，也能更好地了解中西文化，促进跨文化交际，对习语的翻译实践也有一定的实际意义。 第一部分是引言，主要处理语言与文化的关系；第二部分比较习语中动物词汇的异同。由于不同的社会背景，风俗习惯和宗教信仰，在中英语言中，不同点便自然而生。在谈到不同点时，根据内涵意义、情感意义和反映意义将习语中的动物词汇进行分析，同时也谈到中西文化中动物词汇的空缺；第三部分从地域性的影响、风俗习惯的影响、宗教信仰的影响、历史的影响、寓言神话的影响和借用语和外来语的影响来强调分析中西动
12、物词汇文化差异的成因；第四部分从翻译方法上来处理中西文化差异，提出的翻译方法主要有直译、意译、形象转换法、直译加注释法和直译加意译法。 1. Introduction “Language and culture, intrinsically dependent on each other, have evolved together through the history.” 1 “On the one hand, language as an integral part of human being, permeates his thinking and way of viewing the
13、 world, language both expresses and embodies cultural reality. On the other, language, as a product of culture, helps permeate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural changes in return”.2 Language is the base of entire culture, and it is only in language that culture can b
14、e well-presented and handed down from generation to generation. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects language. Language reflects characteristics of culture and predicts the developing orientation of culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic repr
15、esentation of a people; the development of language often embodies the change of culture. It comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. To understand a language, one must know well about its culture and vise versa. 2.
16、A comparison of similarities and differences in meaning 2.1 Similarities in meaning Animal is mans best friend. Different animals have different natural instincts and life styles. During the long-term intimate contact with the animals, people have the deep-rooted understandings towards animals. And both the Chinese people and English people nearly have the same knowledge of animals natural instincts and ways of life. For example, English people would say, “He is as sly as a
