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1、Unit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Charles Babbage;Augusta Ada Byron2.input;output3.VLSI4.workstations;mainframes5.vacuum;transistors6.instructions;software7.digit;eight;byte8.microminiaturization;chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from Engli
2、sh into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial intelligence人工智能2.paper-tape reader纸带阅读器3.optical computer光计算机4.neural network神经网络5.instruction set指令集6.parallel processing并行处理7.difference engine差分机8.versatile logical element通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate硅衬底10.vacuum tube真空管11.数据的存储与处理 the storage and handlin
3、g of data12.超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器 central processing unit14.个人计算机 personal computer15.模拟计算机 analogue computer16.数字计算机 digital computer17.通用计算机 general-purpose computer18.处理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20.输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blank
4、s with one of the words given in the following list,makingchanges if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,processes data,stores data,andproduces output.According to the mode of processing,computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes,mi
5、nicomputers,workstations,or microcomputers.All else(for example,the age of the machine)being equal,this categorization provides someindication of the computers speed,size,cost,and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers,there have been constant changes.First-generationcomputers of historic sign
6、ificance,such as UNIVAC(通用自动计算机),introduced in theearly 1950s,were based on vacuum tubes.Second-generation computers,appearing in theearly 1960s,were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes.In third-generationcomputers,dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors.In fourth
7、-generationcomputers such as microcomputers,which first appeared in the mid-1970s,large-scaleintegration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip.Fifth-generationcomputers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approachesto computing,including art
8、ificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位 DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄
9、今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit One/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.experimentation2.interfacing3.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa
10、:1.artificial neural network人工神经网络puter architecture计算机体系结构3.robust computer program健壮的计算机程序4.human-computer interface人机接口5.knowledge representation知识表示6.数值分析 numerical analysis7.程序设计环境 programming environment8.数据结构 data structure9.存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information10.虚拟现实 virtual realityUnit On
11、e/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.format2.synchronization3.virtual4.multimedia;third-partyII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.data field数据字段，数据域2.learning curve学习曲线3.third-party solution第三方解决方案4.Windows Media P
12、layer Windows媒体播放器5.开始按钮 Start button6.指定输入区 designated input area7.手写体识别系统 handwriting-recognition system8.字符集 character setUnit Two:Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AIFill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.input;output;storage2.Basic Input/Output System3.flatbed scanners;
13、hand-held scanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix printers;inkjet printers6.disk drives;memory7.volatile8.serial;parallelII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.function key功能键，操作键2.voice recognition module语音识别模块3.touch-sensitive region触敏区4.address bus地址总线5.fla
14、tbed scanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallel connection并行连接8.cathode ray tube阴极射线管9.video game电子游戏10.audio signal音频信号11.操作系统 operating system12.液晶显示（器）LCD(liquid crystal display)13.喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14.数据总线 data bus15.串行连接 serial connection16.易失性存储器 volatile memory17.激光打印机 laser pri
15、nter18.磁盘驱动器 disk drive19.基本输入/输出系统 BIOS(Basic Input/Output System)20.视频显示器 video displayIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list,makingchanges if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory.Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges
16、 to represent 1s and 0s,optical discs use reflected light.On aCD-ROM disc,1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的)areas(called“pits”)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam oflight on these areas.The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores,a CD-ROM is a“read-only”disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user.Thus,you a
