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1、2013 考研英语 8200 句让你记住 72000 个单词十四Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful
2、 in math - these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and
3、 only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form. a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intr
4、o = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters. amt = amount contd = c
5、ontinued govt = government educatl = educationalForm. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishingdecrg = decreasing exptg = experimentingSpell out sho
6、rt words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.JLeave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term
7、, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. & = and w/ = with w/o = without vs = against = therefore = = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable. zb = German, for ex
8、ample ibid = Latin, the same work o = degrees H2O = waterMore reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus / parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the
9、first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostroph
10、e, and the ending of the word. Examples: techgy technology genion generalisation dely delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form. a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough cons
11、onants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. Examples:custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use g to represent ing endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg
12、establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substitute
13、d whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o withoutJvs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate
14、 sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of resulting in - and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than especially esp/ 一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如 IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as p
15、ossible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： F 拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F 保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F 保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM roomPL people F 根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词
16、 原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Excha
