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1、 i 摘 要 水环境污染的主要特征是水体的有机污染和富营养化，特别 是 氮、磷等营养物质造成的水体富营养 化己导致了水环境质量的严重恶化，因此以控制富营养化为目的的 脱氮除磷新理论、新工艺已成为污水处理领域的研究热点 。 本 论文 采用 SBR 反应器来 培养 具有 同步脱氮除磷的好氧颗粒污泥 ， 主要研究了 具有同步脱氮除磷好氧颗粒污泥的培养条件 、 脱氮除磷影响特性 、 脱氮除磷机理及其稳定性。主要结 论 如下： （ 1） 采用先培养脱氮颗粒污泥，再诱导颗粒污泥的除 磷 能力的方法培养 具有同步脱氮除磷能力的好氧颗粒污泥 。 成熟的 颗粒污泥形态完整、为近似圆形或椭圆形小颗粒，粒径大多在
2、1.22.0 mm； SVI 为 21mL/g， MLSS 为 6446mg/L； 对 COD 的去除率达到90%以上，对 NH4+-N 去除率接近 100%， 对 TN 的去除率达到 90%左右， 对 PO43-P 的去除率达到 90%以上。 （ 2） 比较了方案一（先培养除磷颗粒污泥再诱导颗粒污泥的脱氮能力）及方案二（先培养脱氮颗粒污泥再诱导颗粒污泥的除磷能力）污泥颗粒化进程及脱氮除磷效果 。比较结果表明方案二培养时间较短，培养出的颗粒污泥在理化特性、微生物学特性及脱氮除磷效果方面略优于方案一。 （ 3） 研 究不同 COD/NH4+-N 对脱氮除磷效果的影响结果表明，当 进水 COD 约
3、300mg/L、 COD/NH4+-N=10 时 ， 好氧颗粒污泥对 NH4+-N、 TN 及 PO43-P 的去除效果最佳 ； 厌 氧 /好氧时间 段的研究结果表明 厌氧时间 40min，好氧时间 200min 即能完成对NH4+-N、 TN 及 PO43- -P 的 去除 。 （ 4） 颗粒污泥的脱氮除磷机理研究结果表明，脱氮是通过同步硝化反硝化过程完成的；除磷包括好氧除磷和缺氧除磷两个过程， 反硝化聚磷菌 份额实验 研究结果表明，成熟的好氧颗粒污泥内的 反硝化聚磷菌占全部聚磷菌的比率可以达到 53% 。 （ 5） 好氧颗粒污泥 的 稳定性研究 结果表明 ，通过对 SBR 反应系统的搅拌强
4、度（相对应的剪切力）和进水 COD 进行了变动。最后得到结果是好氧颗粒污泥的脱氮除磷效果基本变化不大。只有在将其反应器的搅拌 转速 调整到 500 r/min，进水 COD 改为200mg/L 时，其去除磷和氮的效果有小幅度的下降。 反应器保持良好的理化特性及较强的脱氮除磷能力达 60 天， 说明所培养的好氧颗粒污泥的脱氮除磷效果 具有较好的稳定性。 ii 关键词： 序批式反应器；好氧颗粒污泥；同步除磷脱氮；反硝化聚磷菌 iii Abstract The water pollution is mainly organic pollution and eutrophication, especi
5、ally with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients caused eutrophication. it has induced serious deterioration to the quality of water environment. Phosphorus and nitrogen removal from wastewater has become a hotspot to do the research on its new new theory and new technology. In the experiment, a sequenci
6、ng batch reactor (SBR) was adopted to cultivate aerobic granular sludge being simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The selection of culture conditions of anaerobic granular sludge; the characteristics of aerobic granular sludge impact test about nitrogen and phosphorus removal; the research
7、 and analysis about the mechanism and stability of aerobic granular sludge being simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal were mainly studied in this paper. The main results are as follows: (1) Aerobic granular sludge is cultured in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with firstly developing denitrif
8、ication aerobic granular sludge then guiding phosphorus removal.The aerobic granular sludge has a very compact and regular structure with a diameter of 1.2 to 2.0mm and a clear outer shape， the Sludge Volumetric Index(SVI) and the Mixed Liquid Suspended Solid(MLSS) are as high as 21.0ml/g and 6446mg
9、/L， respectively. The average removal rate of COD, ammonium， total inorganic nitrogen， phosphorus reaches 90%， 100%，90% and 90%， respectively. (2) Two different methods of being cultivated aerobic granular sludge are compared, The method 1: firstly developing phosphorus removal then guiding denitrif
10、ication aerobic granular sludge and the method 2: firstly developing denitrification aerobic granular sludge then guiding phosphorus removal. The comparison results show that in the method 2 training time is shorter and granular sludge being cultivated in physical and chemical characteristic, microb
11、iology characteristics and the effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal are a little better than in the method 1. (3) Through the research different COD/NH4 +-N, founding that the inflow about COD=300 mg/L, COD/NH4+-N=10, aerobic granular sludge of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus removal eff
12、iciency is the best; Through study the anaerobic/aerobic time, founding that in anaerobic time about 40min, aerobic time about 200 min, anaerobic granular iv sludge can finish ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus removal. (4) The study about the mechanism of granular sludge wiht denitrification and phosp
13、horus removal show that, denitrification is finished by the simultaneous nitrification and denitrifying process; phosphorus removal is done by oxygen uptaking phosphorus and anoxia uptaking phosphorus. The study about number contribution of denitrifying phosphorus bacteria show that, amounts of phos
14、phorus-accumulating organisms (PAOs) capable of denitrification can be accumulated and enriched in the aerobic granular sludge coexisting with nitrifiers under appropriate operation conditions. The denitriyfing PAOs accounts for 53% of total PAOs. (5) The study about the stability of mature aerobic
15、granular sludge of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, show that the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is almost same, through changing stirring intensity ( shear stress) and the concentration of COD from the inflow in the SBR system. Only in the reactor stirring intensity adjusted
16、 to 500 r/min, COD to 200mg/L, the effect of the phosphorus and nitrogen removal has small declined. The reactor to keep 60 days in good of physical and chemical characters and good effect of denitrification and phosphorus removal can tell us that the effect of aerobic granular sludge for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal has good stability. KeyWords: Sequencing batch reactor; aerobic granular sludge; simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal;
