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1、附件 9：华南理工大学广州汽车学院本科生毕业设计（论文）翻译英文原文名 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A HEAVY TRUCK FRAME中文译名 重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计系 别 汽 车 系 专业班级 车辆六班 学生姓名 马 俊 指导教师 李 利 平 填表日期 2012 年 5 月 4 日 二 00 年 月英文原文版出处： 译文成绩： 指导教师（导师组）签名： 译文：重型货车汽车车架的有限元分析及优化设计摘要本文针对某重型汽车厂载货汽车车架在实际使用过程中出现的破坏等现象，利用美国大型有限元分析软件 ANSYS 对其进行
2、静、动态分析，找出车架破坏的主要原因，并提出结构改进方案，通过对各方案的分析对比，提出合理的结构改进，对改进后的结构进行优化设计，最后根据优化结果生产样车，进行试验验证。本文所取得的主要研究成果如下。对车架及平衡悬架进行有限元仿真。根据车架结构特点，采用壳单元建立车架的有限元模型。采用弹簧单元 COMBIN14 和刚性杆单元 MPC184，利用节点耦合的办法来模拟平衡架与车架的连接，目前有关模拟平衡悬架的报道还不多见。通过对车架在各种工况下的静态分析，得出载荷作用下车架的四个大应力区，这些区域与车架在实际使用过程中曾发生过破坏的位置相吻合。对车架进行动态特性分析得出车架的各阶段固有频率及振型。
3、确定了路面不平度及发动机的激励频率范围，计算在此激励下车架的响应，得出大应力点在外界激励时其应力响应幅值较大的结论。在分析车架破坏的主要原因基础上，提出改进车架结构的若干方案，通过对各方案进行分析对比，得出通过增高车架纵梁的高度以及加长车架长度的方法，可以明显改善车架的受力及变形情况；V 型管梁比 U 型弯管梁受力更合理，在弯管梁与联接板处加支撑板可以大大降低联接处的应力值；第四横梁下片与腹板联接可以大大降低联接处的应力值；连接板采用角板结构把纵梁下翼面与腹板连为一体，结构更合理。这些改进大大地降低了车架大应力区的应力值，也为同类产品的设计提供了理论依据。采用 ANSYS 软件提供的子问题近似
4、法，首先对车架的局部结构进行优化，然后针对整个车架提出十个方案，分别进行优化设计，解决了通用软件不能同时进行结构改进及优化难题，通过分析对比选出最优方案，优化后车架质量显著降低。在车架的一般计算中，不考虑货箱的加强作用。本文通过有无货箱时的计算值及实测值的比较，得出对于车架上不同的部位，货箱对其盈利的饿影响也是不同的，在初步设计中可以吧货箱对车架的影响按 30%来考虑。为其他车型车架的设计提供了参考。将自模型分析技术引入车架的分析中来，对平衡处的局部结构进行了分析，通过与测试结果的比较，说明了利用模型结构可以得到局部更精确的结果。该方法为车架局部的精细研究提供了新思路。关键词：车架 有限元 静
5、态分析 结构改进 优化设计 原文：FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A HEAVY TRUCK FRAMEABSTRACTIn this study, the static and dynamic analysis were performed to a truck frame which was destroyed in the use process, using ANSYS FEAsoftware. The primary cause of frame destruction was found by analysis of the
6、frame. The improvement projects were proposed, also the optimization was carried out and validated the feasibility of improvement project. The main conclusions are as follows:Establish the finite element model of the frame and the balance suspension. According to structure characteristics of frame,
7、the model of The frame was established by applying shell element. By using COMBIN14 and MPC184 element and applying node coupling means simulated the joint of balance suspension is few.By the frame static analysis under each king of operating mode, obtained four big stress areas which were accordant
8、 to these regions that had destructed in the actual use process. Carried on the dynamic analysis to the frame to obtain the frequency and mode shape and also calculated the stress an displacement responds of the frame under road surface and engine drive, had a conclusion that the stress responds val
9、ue of big stress point is large under outside drive.Based on the prime reasons of the frame destruction, improvement projects were proposed. Through carried on the analysis and constrast to various plans, obtained that V pipe cross-member is better than U pipe cross-member; The forth cross-member th
10、at joined with web plate can reduce the stress value of joined area; The corner joined plate is more reasonable than web plate structure. These improvement projects not only reduced the stress value, but also provided the theory basis for the similar product design.Firstly, the component of the fram
11、e was optimized by using Sub-Problem method in ANSYS, and then the entire frame was optimized, after then, the weight of frame was decreased obvious.In the frame general computation, does not consider the enhancement function of the freight platform. Through comparison the stress value of whether co
12、ndiering the freight platform, obtained that regarding the different spot on the frame, the freight platform to its stress contribution is also different. In the preliminary design can consider that the contribution of freight platform to the frame is 30% which has provided the reference for other v
13、ehicle frame design.The submodel technology was introduced to the frame analysis and applied to analyse the local of frame-equilibrator part. Comparing to the test result, indicated that using the submodel technology can obtain more precise result. This method has provided the new mentality for the frame partial scrutiny.KEY WORDS: frame; finite element; static analysis; structure improvement; optimization备注：1、 英文原文出处包括出版社、出版时间、期刊的刊名、刊号、刊期。2、 电脑打印，用 A4 纸；中文译名用小二号宋体加粗，正文用小四号宋体，行距固定值 20 磅，其他用小四号宋体。3、页边距左边 3.2cm，右边 2.54cm,上下边距 2.54cm。4、英文翻译在左边装订。5、附上英文原文，用 A4 纸。
