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1、武汉工程大学课程设计说明书I摘 要本文通过设计板式精馏塔达到分离甲醇-水二元混合物，需要满足年处理量 67000吨，原料中甲醇含量 46%，塔顶产品要求含甲醇不低于 99.7%，塔底甲醇含量不高于 0.5%，常压操作，泡点进料。采用连续精馏流程,设计中采用泡点进料，将原料液通过预热器加热至泡点后送入精馏塔内。塔顶上升蒸汽采用全凝器，冷凝液在泡点下一部分回流至塔内，其余部分经产品冷却后送至储罐。该物系属于易分离物系，塔釜采用直接蒸汽加热。通过全塔物料衡算、塔体工艺尺寸计算、塔板工艺尺寸计算，得到该塔板工艺尺寸。设计采用塔径 1.2m，共安装 43块塔板,第 31块为进料板，每块塔板开孔数为 12
2、1个，采用单溢流弓形降液管，全塔高度为 22m。经验算各项设计均通过流体力学验算满足设计要求。关键词：板式精馏塔；浮阀塔；甲醇-水；设计计算AbstractIn this paper, the plate distillation column is designed to separate methanol from water in a binary mixture. We have to deal an annual handling capacity of 67000 tons , of which the raw materials take up 46 percent .As a
3、result , the top product contains methanol no less than 99.7 percent, and methanol in the bottom is no higher than 0.5%, with an atmospheric pressure operation, bubble point feeding. Continuous distillation process and bubble point feeding is selected. The raw material liquid is sent into the 武汉工程大学
4、课程设计说明书IIDistillation Column after heated to soak . The whole steam condensator works on the upwarding gas, and the condensated liquid below the bubble point goes back to the next part of the tower, and the remaining portion of products is delivered to a storage tank after being cooled. The matter o
5、f isolates belongs to a department of easy-seperated, and the direct steam heating is taken.The tray process dimension is obtained through the material balance of the entire tower, the calculation of tower process size and the tray size process. It ends with a tower diameter of 1.2m, a total of 43 p
6、late installed, the 31th board as the feeding board, 121 openings holes in each tray ,single-arch overflow downcomer , 22 m of the whole tower height .At last, the checked design of fluid mechanics should meet the requirements.Key words: plate distillation column; float valve tower ;methanolwater; d
7、esign calculation;武汉工程大学课程设计说明书III目录引 言 .1第 1章 设计条件与任务 .21.1设计条件 .21.2设计任务 .2第 2章 设计方案的确定 .32.1操作条件的确定 .32.1.1 装置流程的确定 .32.1.2操作压力 .32.1.3进料状态 .42.1.4加热方式 .42.1.5冷却剂与出口温度 .42.1.6回流比的选择 .52.1.7热能的利用 .52.2确定设计方案的原则 .52.2.1 满足工艺和操作的要求 .52.2.2满足经济上的要求 .62.2.3 保证安全生产 .6第 3章 精馏塔的工艺设计 .73.1全塔物料衡算 .73.1.1原料
8、液、塔顶及塔底产品的摩尔分数 .73.1.2原料液、塔顶及塔底产品的平均摩尔质量 .7武汉工程大学课程设计说明书IV3.1.3物料衡算进料处理量 .73.1.4物料衡算 .73.2实际回流比 .73.2.1最小回流比及实际回流比确定 .83.2.2精馏塔的气液相负荷 .83.2.3操作线方程 .83.3理论塔板数确定 .83.3.1方法说明 .93.3.2逐板计算阶梯图 .113.4实际塔板数确定 .113.5精馏塔的工艺条件及有关物性数据计算 .123.5.1操作压力计算 .123.5.2操作温度计算 .133.5.3平均摩尔质量计算 .133.5.4平均密度计算 .143.5.5液体平均表面张力计算 .153.5.6液体平均黏度计算 .
