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1、习语的翻译策略一. 直译直译能够比较完整地保留原习语的比喻形象、民族色彩和语言风格，但必须以不引起读者误解和不违背译文表达习惯为前提。例如：（1）处理人民内部的矛盾，必须坚持和风细雨的方法，坚持“团结-批评- 团结”的方法。It is essential to persist in using methods as mild as a drizzle and as gentle as a breeze, and to adhere to the formula of “unity-criticism-unity”, in dealing with contradictions among th
2、e people.（2）所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概不问So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better off than withered wood or cold ashes, taking no interest in the outside world（3）他一家子在这儿，他的房子、地在这儿，他跑？ 跑了和尚跑不了庙。Escape? But his home and property cant escape. The monk may run away, but the t
3、emple cant run with him.（4）咳！这一来，竹篮子打水一场空了！Ah! We are drawing water in a bamboo basket.二.意译当直译有困难或勉强译出而英语读者无法理解式，一般应采用意译法。这主要是翻译时抓住内容和喻义，牺牲形象、结合上下文比较灵活地转达原意。（5）她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到了嘴边，她又把它吞了下去。She was afraid of being snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came to her lips.（6）她好久不来信了，一家子盼了星星盼月亮。For many mont
4、hs no letter came from her, till her whole family worried over her day and night.（7）我要是有个三长两短，你给玉山捎个话！If anything should happen to me, let Yushan know!（8）你不能戴着木头眼镜，只看一寸远。The trouble with you is you cannot see an inch beyond your nose.三.节译在汉语习语中，常有并列的对偶结构，用两个不同的喻体表达相同的喻意。对此类汉语习语通常可采用节译法，即省去并列重复的部分，保留
5、它的基本喻意。（9）冷淡的阳光照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lusterless eyes.（10）最可恶的是行里的同仁背后骂我是个老糊涂，瞎了眼，叫一个不学无术的三等货来做我的襄理。What is most detestable is that all my colleagues in the bank call me a blind old fool behind my back because I have engaged an uneducated thi
6、rdrater as my assistant.（11）忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔，长吁短叹。Suddenly he heard a rustle in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply.（12） “这断子绝孙的阿 Q！” 远远地听得小尼姑的带哭的声音。“AH Q, may you die sonless!” sounded the little nuns voice tearfully in the distance.四.直译和意译兼用在采用直译以保留原文比喻形象的同时，又兼用意译，又是略作适当补充，使译文能更加清晰地传达原文含义。（13）我
7、说二三百两银子，你就说二三十两！戴着斗笠亲嘴，差着一帽子！When I say two or three hundred taels, you say twenty or thirty! Its like kissing in straw helmets - the lips are far apart!（14）她一个单身人，无亲无故But this girl was all by herself and far from home, without a single relative or friend to help her.（15）王冕一路风餐露宿，九十里大站，七十里小站，一径来到山东济
8、南府地方。Braving the wind and dew, Wang Mian traveled day after day past large posting stations and small, till he came to the city of Jinan.五.借用英语中的同义习语英语里有一些习语和汉语的一些习语采用相同或相似的形象或比喻，表达相同或相似的喻意，可以借用英语同义习语来翻译。（16）如今便赶着躲了，料也躲不及，少不得要使个“金蝉脱壳”的法子Well, its too late to hide now. I must try to avoid suspicion b
9、y throwing them off the scent（17）只有大胆地破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，也许还有翻身的那一天！All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day youll come out on top.（18）我没想到他对同志们的批评竟充耳不闻。I didnt expect him to turn a deaf ear to the comrades criticism.(1)不看僧面看佛面 dont blame the monk for the Buddha sake; dont
10、 blame the inferior or the young for the sake of his superior or the old; forgive one person for anothers sake (2)不怕官, 只怕管 not afraid of an official but afraid of an administrator; it is not the official but the person directly in charge that matters (3)不听老人言, 吃苦在眼前 dont listen to your old people an
11、d you will suffer very soon; taking the advice for the old generation will save you from trouble or suffering (4)不撞南墙不回头 he will not turn back until he bumps onto the southern wall; he will go ahead until blocked; he will go ahead until reaching the dead end (5)不作亏心事, 不怕鬼敲门if you dont commit any sin
12、, you will not be afraid of the devil knocking at your door; an upright man isnt afraid of anything 成语的翻译策略成语的结构联合式：海誓山盟动宾式：为所欲为主谓式：盛气凌人偏正式：泰然自若连动式：投笔从戎兼语式：引狼入室成语的语法功能主语；谓语（包括能愿合成谓语、判断合成谓语、兼语句谓语、连动句谓语等） ；宾语（包括介词宾语） ；定语；状语；补语；独立成分成语的对等是从三个方面体现出来的，一个是比喻意义，一个是比喻形式，再一个是感情色彩。三者中比喻意义是最重要的，当三者发生矛盾时，我们得优先保留
13、比喻意义。感情色彩的对等同比喻意义的对等几乎同样重要。如果感情色彩不对等，这条成语就肯定不能用。至于比喻形式，能对等则应尽量对等，实在对等不了，就应当机立断，大胆放弃。(1)粗枝大叶 粗枝大叶 为联合结构，字面意义是，枝子很粗，叶子很大，很不精细。通常当 马虎大意 和 粗心大意 使用。thick branches and broad leaves; (in doing things,) do not take due care; careless or carelessly (2)闻所未闻 闻所未闻 为动宾结构，字面意义是听到了从未听到过的，通常用于指事理或论述的新鲜、奇特。hearing w
14、hat has never been heard before; rarely or seldom heard of (3)盛气凌人 盛气凌人 为主谓结构，字面意义是骄横傲慢以气势压人，通常与 不可一世 、 咄咄逼人 等词语同义 so arrogant as to impose oneself upon others; arrogant or domineering in manner (4)洋洋得意 洋洋得意 也可以说成 得意洋洋 。 洋洋得意 是偏正结构， 洋洋 修饰 得意 ； 得意洋洋 也是偏正结构，具体地说是动补结构，但依然是 洋洋 修饰 得意 。字面意义是满意到了骄傲的地步，得意到溢
15、于言表。 extremely pleased as to be too proud; pleased and too proud; pleased to the extent of being too proud (5)小心翼翼小心翼翼 为偏正结构， 翼翼 用做补语修饰 小心 。 翼翼 的字面意义是 多多 ， 小心翼翼的字面意义是 小心多多 ，使用时的意义为非常小心、特别谨慎，几乎有点过分。particularly careful, extremely cautious 1) 鸡毛蒜皮 trifling2) 开门见山 come straight to the point3) 狗急跳墙 do s
16、th desperate4) 顺手牵羊 walk off with sth5) 守株待兔 trust to chance and stroke of luck6) 铜墙铁壁 an impregnable fortress7) 唇枪舌剑 engage in a battle of words8) 黔驴技穷 at ones wits end9) 单枪匹马 all by oneself10) 生龙活虎 bursting with energy天长地久as old as the hills胆小如鼠as timid as a hare泰然自若as cool as a cucumber水中捞月to fish in the air苦如黄连as bitter as wormwood鸡皮疙瘩goose-flesh轻如鸿毛as light as a feather旁观者清The onlooker sees most of the game.艳如桃李as red as rose物以类聚Birds of a feather
