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1、广西工学院毕业设计 超声波倒车雷达系统第 I 页 共 55 页摘要超声波汽车倒车雷达系统是一种能够实时显示车后障碍物状况的汽车倒车辅助装置。随着汽车的迅速增加，停车难已经是一个不争的事实，倒车雷达就是为解决这类问题而设计的。在现实生活中应用十分广泛。本文根据声波在空气中可定向发射和反射的原理，以超声波换能器为接口部件，应用单片机技术与CAN总线网络技术设计了一套倒车雷达系统。本文介绍设计了一种先进的基于CAN总线网络和超声测距的汽车超声蝇眼系统，用于汽车低速防撞和预警。障碍物的测量以AT89C51单片机作为微控制器，采用15的超声波换能器TCT40-10F1 （T发射）和 TCT40-10S1
2、（R接收）实现超声波测距。通过CAN总线网络，将测量的数据发送到上位机，用上位机实现障碍物位置的显示与报警。CAN控制器使用PHILIPS公司的SJA1000，收发器使用PCA82C250。在本系统中 CAN总线使用的操作模式为BasicCAN模式。论文概述了超声波探测器的发展状况及基本原理。对倒车雷达系统的障碍物测量、CAN 总线通信、LCD 显示、报警等部分的设计方案进行了分析。从系统的性能需求、实用要求出发，对系统组成、检测原理和方法作出选择并对软硬件进行了设计。文章详细叙述了系统的硬件设计过程，并给出了系统软件设计程序流程图。关键词：SJA1000 ； 超声波测距； CAN 网络 ；
3、倒车雷达广西工学院毕业设计 超声波倒车雷达系统第 II 页 共 55 页AbstractUltrasonic vehicle reversing radar system is an vehicle reversing aid advice,it can display the obstacle follow car in real time.With the rapid increase in car, parking is difficult alreaday become an indisputable fact, parking radar is designed to address
4、 these issues.It is widely used in real life. This article based on the principle of the sound waves launch orientable and reflection in the air,utilice the ultrasonic transducer as the interface components,application of microcontroller technology and CAN bus network technology designed a set of re
5、verse radar systems. This article describes the design of an advanced network based on CAN bus, car and Ultrasonic Measurement of the fly,s eye ultrasound system for automotive low-speed collision and early warning.Measurement of obstacles to AT89C51 microcontroller as the microcontroller, using 15
6、ultrasonic transducer TCT40-10F1 (T launches) and TCT40-10S1 (R receiver) to achieve ultrasonic ranging.Through the CAN bus network, the measured data to PC, PC to achieve with the obstacle position display and alarm. PHILIPS companies CAN controller SJA1000, transceiver use PCA82C250.In this system
7、, CAN bus, the operating mode is BasicCAN mode.Paper outlines the development of ultrasonic probes and the basic principles.Obstacles to the measurement of reversing radar system, CAN bus communication, LCD display, alarm and other parts of the design is analyzed.From the systems performance require
8、ments, utility requirements, the composition of the system, principles and methods of testing software and hardware to choose and design.Article detailed the hardware design process, and the system software design process flow chart.Key words:SJA1000 CAN network Ultrasonic Ranging Parking sensor广西工学
9、院毕业设计 超声波倒车雷达系统第 III 页 共 55 页目录1 引言 .11.1 课题的研究背景和意义 .11.2 国内外倒车雷达的发展现状 .12 倒车雷达原理与总体方案设计 .32.1 设计任务 .32.2 方案论证与选择 .32.2.1 测距方案选择 .32.2.2 超声波测距方案选择 .52.2.3 CAN 总线通信方案 .82.2.4 时间增益补偿方案 .82.3 系统组成及工作原理 .102.3.1 系统组成 .102.3.2 工作原理 .112.4 主要器件的选择与介绍 .112.4.1 AT89C51 的简介 .112.4.2 CAN 控制器 SJA1000 简介 .122.4.3 CAN 收发器 PCA82C250.132.4.4 可编程增益放大器 PGA103.132.4.5 其它芯片选型 .133 硬件设计 .143.1 超声波复眼的测距电路设计 .143.1.1 超声波发送电路 .143.1.2 超声波检测接收电路 .143.1.3 时间增益补偿电路 .
